J CUT
L CUT
Matching action
• Matching action – Matching actors’ hand positions, use of props, eyeline
and stage position from one cut to another fall into the technical category
of how to make a proper edit.
• The greatest weight is given to whether that cut drives the emotion of the
scene or moves the story along.
• The audience will often ignore many minor continuity differences from
one shot to the next if they stay totally engrossed in the story. Your job as
the editor is to cut in such as way that they do.
Non-Linear Editing
• Allows access to any clip without scrubbing
through entire clips
• Film was the first nonlinear editing system
• Linear editing refers to tape-to-tape editing
Workflow
Editing Software
• Is only making references
to clips on your hard
drive. The clips are not
actually there in the
software program. That
means that if you move
your clips around or
delete them off of your
hard drive—you will
offline your media.
Premiere Pro and Cache Files
• Cache: A cache (pronounced CASH) is a place
to store something temporarily in a computing
environment.
• In computing, active data is often cached to
shorten data access times
Premiere Pro and Cache Files
• You can pretty much throw anything on the Premiere Pro
Timeline and it will just work
• When you import your camera native files (say some .MTS
files) Premiere will start to ‘conform’ those files getting
them ready to play back.
• creates a cache of all those conformed previews in a folder
on your boot drive where it ends up taking up a lot of disk
space
• You can move the media cache folder to your media
storage drive
Audio Waveform in Premiere
Wavelength
The distance between any point on a wave and the equivalent point on
the next phase. Literally, the length of the wave.
Amplitude:
The strength or power of a wave signal. The "height" of a wave when viewed as a graph.
Higher amplitudes are interpreted as a higher volume, hence the name "amplifier" for a
device that increases amplitude.
Frequency:
The number of times the wavelength occurs in one second. Measured in kilohertz (Khz), or
cycles per second. The faster the sound source vibrates, the higher the frequency.
Higher frequencies are interpreted as a higher pitch. For example, when you sing in a highpitched voice you are forcing your vocal chords to vibrate quickly.
Sound Levels
• On old analog recorders 0 dB was 14 decibels
higher than it is on many professional audio
recorders
• on magnetic tape and could push the
recording level past the 0dB setting on a
regular basis without any serious
consequences.
Digital audio has a hard ceiling that is measured as 0dB
When you push the audio level beyond that point, digital
clipping occurs.
This produces nasty distortion that effectively ruins your
recording during the clipping.
To avoid digital clipping, it's good practice to keep your
recording levels well below the ceiling. A common setting is 10dBFS. This gives you some headroom for inevitable peaks
and still keeps the signal loud enough to avoid noise.
Many devices also include a signal limiter of some kind.
Levels
•
•
•
•
Total audio mix level: -3 dB to -6 dB
Principle speaker (SOT) audio: -6 dB to -12 dB
Sound effects audio: -12 dB to -18 dB
Music when its an underscore: -18 dB
Wide or Establishing
• Shows your subject
within context
Overlapping Action
• The important thing to remember is that the
last action of the first shot has to be repeated
at the beginning of the second shot
• You have to shoot the same movement twice
•If you cut from one size image to another you
can create a jump cut but changing the angle at
least 45 degrees can make a smooth transition
Cutting on Action
•You have to make sure that you overlap action while
shooting--Sometimes overlapping is necessary When
editing as well
Crossing The Line
•You can cross the line if you show the crossing
with a camera move or if you stop on it
Here the reference gives the viewer orientation
Crossing the line
•by cutting on action
•Same background
•subjects arranged for less distraction
Continuity
Cut
Fade in
Fade out
Dissolve
Graphic Match
Signal to Noise Ratio
Handheld Microphones
Lavalier Mics
The most commonly used self-worn microphones in a broadcast
environment would be lavalier (or lapel) microphones, and headset
microphones. They are designed to be small, discreet, positioned
extremely close to your sound source and plug into a variety of devices
such as wireless belt packs, or direct to your camera.
The Shotgun Microphone
Microphone Pickup Patterns
DYNAMIC VS CONDENSER
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dynamic Mic Advantages
Condenser Mic Advantages
Rugged
More Sensitive
Lower Cost
Better Audio Quality
No Power Required
Can Be Extremely Small
• Dynamic Mic Disadvantages
• Condenser Mic Disadvantages
• Lower Sensitivity and Power
Output
• Higher self-noise
• Larger and Heavier
• More Fragile
• Slower Response Time
• More Expensive
• Not the Best Choice for
Maximum Audio Quality
• Prone to Weather Problems
and RF Interference
Positives and Negatives
POSITIVES
• On-camera mics are compact,
lightweight, affordable, and
feature universal connections
such as a standard hot-shoe
mount, and 3.5mm microphone
jack, which makes them
compatible with most DSLR
cameras and camcorders on the
market.
NEGATIVES
• As these microphones sit on top
of your camera, this may not
always give you the optimum
signal to noise ratio. If your
subject is close enough to the
camera (roughly two meters or
seven feet) or you’re simply
recording the ambience of your
environment, these microphones
are perfect. For anything further
away, you may achieve better
results by getting your mic closer
to your source using one of the
following two microphone types.