SOCIOLOGY REVIEW—Treasure Hunt
CH 8-DEVIANCE & CRIME
Anorexia or extreme cleanliness is an example of:
-positive deviance
Define Anomie:
Strain people feel when blocked in attempts to achieve goals
Once you label a person as deviant, then they will more likely become deviant. Which theory? labeling
What types of crimes are “white collar”?
-tax evasion
-embezzlement
-insider trading-stocks
& bonds
What is “Shaming”?
According to a conflict theorist, who defines deviance?
-those who hold power or wealth in a society
In Hirschi’s theory, some people aren’t deviant because they have:
-many social bonds with family, school & society
Key ideas of “Saints &
Roughnecks”
-the label determines the behavior of the boys
-police & community determine deviance
-label “encourages” more deviance as that is how people see them anyway
Different groups have different
“opportunities” to commit crimes & be deviant.
Illegal opportunity theory
-social class you are in gives you different opportunities to be deviant
Possible punishments for a criminal:
Give 2 examples of external social control.
(one positive/one negative)
-pos-awards & promotions
-neg-ticket, fine, jail
What are the 4 possible routes to deviance according to Merton?
-innovation
-rebellion
-retreatism
-ritualism
Difference between primary & secondary deviance.
-primary-infrequent deviance before age 21
-secondary-deviance is your master status; life long criminal
What are “hustles”?
-poor urban crimes like gambling, drug dealing, prostitution & robbery
-“opportunities” for urban poor to get $
What groups are disproportionately
What are the 3 benefits of deviant behavior?
-create unity (in group vs. out group)
-redefines/clarifies norms
-push for social change
“If you hang out with a smokers, you will be more likely to smoke”
What theory?
Differential Association
What is a stigma?
Example?
Trying to discredit someone’s normal identity
Ex: scarlet letter “A”
-family is criminal b/c parent is in jail
According to Merton, what is one way not to be deviant?
-conform accept the goals and means to achieve the goals of society
True/False: Deviant behavior has been the

Type of sanction
Public display
Whole town sees you as
“thief”
-prison
-probation
-community service
What is recidivism?
-criminals return to a life of crime after getting out of jail
What is
“medicalization”?
-medical reasons for deviance represented in the prison population?
-poor –male 18-24
-minority
-lower education
Describe Szasz’s theory on deviance.
-social experiences not mental illness leads to crimes same throughout history.
False-society determines deviance
-what is defined as deviance changes over time
Give an argument for and against the death penalty.
For-worst criminals deserve it; eye for an eye
Take worst off the streets
Against-unfair, biased
Cruel, too many erros