Ground Rules and
expectations
Expectations
Everyone in this room deserves respect
APPROPRIATE comments only!
Every question will be taken seriously, so ask serious
questions please
Please, NO personal experiences
Consequences for Breaking Ground Rules
1st Violation- Sent to the hall for a student/teacher conference. Will
be allowed back into class at teacher discretion
2nd Violation- Not permitted back into class until a student/teacher/
parent/administrator conference takes place
What will this unit cover?
Healthy Relationships
Adolescent growth and development
Anatomy/ Reproductive systems
STD’s, HIV/AIDS
Pregnancy/ adolescent child development
Adoption
Remember….
• If at any time you do not feel comfortable asking questions, please write down
your question on a piece of paper, put your period # on it, and place it in the
questions box
• I will answer the questions that I am permitted to answer (which is most
questions)
• I am not allowed to talk about the intricacies of sexual intercourse or “HOW TO”
questions
Adolescent growth and
development
Your Changing Body
• Adolescence: the stage of development between childhood
and adulthood.
• Puberty: the part of adolescence when the reproductive
system becomes mature.
What Makes You Grow?
• Hormones: a chemical made in one part of the body
that is carried through the bloodstream and causes a
change in another part of the body.
• The hormones that cause maturation are called sex
hormones.
• Testosterone: the male sex hormone that is secreted
by the testes.
• Progesterone and Estrogen: the female sex hormones
that are secreted by the ovaries.
Hormones
•Hormones are made in
several different parts of the
body and each hormone
causes a different change in
the body.
Hormones
•The pituitary gland is found
deep in the brain.
•It secrets the growth hormone
and follicle-stimulating
hormones.
•These hormones stimulate
physical growth and the
development of the reproduction
organs.
Hormones
•The thyroid gland is found in
the neck
•It secretes thyroxin which helps
regulate body growth and
development
Hormones
•The adrenal glands are found
above the kidneys.
•They secrete cortical sex
hormones.
•These hormones regulate the
development of sex
characteristics that signal the
physical differences between
males and females.
Human Anatomy
•You can see how hormones
change the human body during
puberty.
•Some of these changes are
similar.
•Some changes are drastically
different.
Individual Differences in Development
• Factors that affect your development:
•
•
•
•
•
Heredity
Nutrition
Weight
Fitness level
General health
• Boys and girls mature at different times and at
different rates.
• Nothing is wrong with developing differently than
others do.
Assignment #1
• In your book, PAGES 244-245 compare and contrast the physical
changes in boys and girls.
• Answers Assignment #1
Male
Both
Females
•Facial Hair Grows
•Shoulder Widen
•Voice Deepens
•Fat is Deposited in Lower
Abdomen
•Muscles Mass Increases
•Sperm Production Starts
•Height and Weight Increase
•Acne Develops
•Under Hair Grows
•Pubic Hair Grows
•Permanent Teeth Come In
•Perspiration Increases
•External Genitalia Enlarge
•Breast Develop
•Hips Widen
•Pelvis Tilts
•Internal Organ Enlarge
•Ovulation Occurs (egg
released)
•Menstruation Begins (period)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Boys
Puberty generally begins between
ages 13 and 15.
Rapid increase in height and weight,
shoulders widen
Facial Hair, Underarm Hair, Pubic Hair
Voice Deepens
Bones become more dense.
Muscles grow bigger and stronger.
More body fat develops.
Acne may appear
Sperm production begins.
Girls
• Puberty generally begins between
ages 9 and 16
• Height and weight increase
• Breasts develop
• Underarm hair, pubic hair
• Hips widen and bones become
more dense
• Acne may appear
• Menstruation (the monthly
discharge of blood and tissue from
the body through the vagina)
usually begins between ages 10
and 16
• Ovulation: the release of a mature
egg cell.
Development of
Mental Abilities
• Thinking skills develop.
• You are able to solve more complex problems.
• You can understand other points of view.
• You can think ahead to what might happen if you act in a certain way.
• You understand that you often have a choice.
Development of Behavior
• Some adolescents may participate in behaviors
that place them at risk of illness or injury:
• Sexual activity
• Tobacco use
• Alcohol and drug use
• Unnecessary physical risks
• Poor nutrition
• Lack of exercise
• One of the most important tasks of
adolescence is learning to make good decisions
about your health.
Next time, we will discuss
Human Reproduction and
The male reproductive system
Human
Reproduction
•The reproductive systems are
different in males and females.
•Each system has different parts
and functions.
•Each system has different
potential problems and care.
Male
Reproduction
System
Male Reproduction
System
•Males begin to produce sperm
at puberty.
•Sperm is the male
reproductive sex cells.
•Sperm cells are the smallest
cells in the human body.
Male Reproduction
System
•The job of the sperms cells it to find
the egg cell in the female and fertilize
it.
•Fertilization is the joining of the
sperm and egg cells.
•This means that the 23
chromosomes from dad combine with
the 23 chromosomes from mom to
create 46 chromosomes in a new
embryo.
Male Reproduction
System
•Most men will produce 100 million
sperm cells daily.
•Why do men produce some many
sperm cells?
•Many sperm cells are mis-shaped
or non-functioning.
Male Reproduction
System
 Most sperm cells will die on their
journey.
 Sperm must swim 4 inches against
a current.
 This is an equivalent to swimming
24 miles.
 Out of the millions of sperm cell,
only 100 sperm cells will actually
make it to the egg.
 Any sperm not ejaculated are
passed in the urine or reabsorbed
in the male body
Male Reproduction
System
•Sperm cells are unique in their shape
and function.
•Sperm cells have a head, midsection, and
tail.
•The head carries the genetic codes from
the dad.
•Mid Section carries nutrients for
energy
•The tail (flagellum) helps move the
sperm through fluid.
•The sperm is the only cell with a tail.
TAIL: Flagellum
MID-SECTION
HEAD
23 CHROMOSOMES
NUCLEUS
Male Reproduction
System
•Sperm cells are created in the
testes.
•Testes or testicles are the two small
glands that produce sperm.
Male Reproduction
System
•Sperm cells will contain either the X
chromosome or the Y chromosome.
•Depending on which sperm cell
reaches the egg cell first will
determine the gender of the baby.
Assignment #2
Who determines the gender
of the fetus and why/how?
Dr. Michael Roizen, MD
• Sperm dictates the sex of the fertilized egg.
However, a lot of mutual factors contribute to
gender, including as the egg's receptivity to the
male's chromosomes. So if a couple has five girls,
that doesn't necessarily mean it's the man's fault.
You can blame a man for keeping his eyes glued to
the TV during a conversation, but you can't pin this
one on him. Both partners have some role in
determining the sex of the offspring.
As many people know (or have heard), the sperm
that carry male chromosomes (which will make a
boy) can swim faster because they carry less
genetic material and are lighter. So though male
and female sperm have equal muscular power in
their flippers, the lighter ones will travel faster
(just like a smaller cyclist will go faster than a
larger one, if all other things are equal, because
there's less mass to move).
But even if the male sperm outrace the female
sperm, the male sperm will die off if the egg isn't
in proper position for fertilization, leaving the
female sperm
Male Reproduction
System
•Testosterones is also created inside
the testes.
•Testosterone is the male sex
hormone that is responsible for many
changes that take place during
puberty.
Male Reproduction
System
•Once the sperm cells are created
they are stored in the epididymis
where the sperm cells continue to
mature and grow.
•The epididymis sits on top of each
testicle.
Male Reproduction
System
• The scrotum is a protective skin
sac that holds the testes and
regulates the temperature.
• In order for sperm cells to survive,
the testes must maintain a certain
body temperature.
Male Reproduction
System
•Normal body temperature is 98.6
degrees.
•This is too warm for sperm
production and survival.
•This is why the testicles are on the
outside of the male body.
Male Reproduction
System
•When a male becomes too hot the
scrotum will relax and drop the
testicles further away from the body
to lower their temperature.
Male Reproduction
System
•When a male becomes too cold, the
scrotum will contract and pull the
testicles closer the body to increase
temperature.
Male Reproduction
System
•This is all done automatically by the
body.
•The male does not have conscious
control of the movement of the
scrotum.
Male Reproduction
System
Each epididymis is connected to
a vas deferens tube.
•The Vas Deferens tube carries
sperms cells from the epididymis
to the seminal vesicles.
Male Reproduction
System
•The seminal vesicles,
prostate gland, and the
Cowper’s gland all add fluid
to the sperm as it passes
through from the vas
deferens.
Male Reproduction
System
•These fluids are added to
the sperm to help nourish
and protect the sperm once
it leaves the male body.
•The combination of the
sperm and these fluids is
called semen.
Male Reproduction
System
•Once the semen leaves
the vas deference tube it
travels down the urethra.
•The urethra is a tube
inside the male penis.
•The urethra has two
functions in the male.
1.Carry semen out of the body
2.Carry urine out the human
body
Male Reproduction
System
•The penis the external male sex
organ.
•In some cultures the foreskin is
removed.
•The removal of the foreskin is
call circumcision.
Male Reproduction
System
•Inside the penis, there are
empty chambers called the
corpus cavernosum.
•The corpus cavernosum are
empty chambers inside the
penis.
•When a male becomes
sexually aroused the chambers
are filled with extra blood.
•The filling of the chambers
causes the penis to elongate
and become more ridged.
•The elongating of the penis is
called an erection.
Male Reproduction
System
•Sometimes a male can have
an erection without being
sexual aroused.
•Because the male body is
changing so rapidly during
adolescences it is common for
a male to have an erection
without being sexually
aroused.
•This is completely normal and
in most cases uncontrollable.
Male Reproduction
System
•During sexual arousal
the male body prepares
itself to release semen.
•The release of the
semen is called
ejaculation.
•When a male ejaculates,
the semen is forced from
the body through the tip
of the penis.
Male Reproduction
System
•One ejaculation equals
about 1 teaspoon of fluid
•And it contains million of
sperm cells.
Male Reproduction
System
•Like an erection, ejaculation
usually takes place when
sexually aroused.
•But sometimes males
(especially during puberty) will
have nocturnal dreams.
•A nocturnal dream is an
uncontrolled ejaculation during
sleep.
Male Reproduction
System
•A nocturnal dream occurs
during deep sleep.
•Sometimes while sleeping a
male will spontaneously
ejaculate.
•Again, this is very common
and normal for males during
adolescences.
Male Reproduction
System
•It is important that males
get regular medical
checkups.
•Checkups help men protect
themselves and prevent
future problems.
Male Reproduction
System Problems
•It is important that if a
male has any one of the
following symptoms that
they seek medical help
immediately.
•Pain during urination
•Swelling or lump in the
genital area
•Sores or irritated skin
•Pain in lower abdominal
area
Male Reproduction System Problems
Problem
Description
Treatment or prevention
Jock itch
Infection of the skin (NOT and STD). Often occurs
when scrotum and groin skin stays hot and moist.
Symptoms are red, itchy, irritated skin
OTC medicines, keep area clean and dry. Do
not wear damp clothing longer than necessary
Sexually Transmitted
Diseases (STD’s)
Diseases passed from one person to another by
sexual contact involving sex organs, the mouth, or
rectum. May cause sores or discharge or no
symptoms at all
Abstaining from sexual activity.
Medical treatment is required for all STDs
Inguinal Hernia
A weakness in the lower abdominal wall that allows Medical treatment and surgery
a small loop of intestine to bulge through
Undescended testicle
Developmental defect where the testicle has not
descended into the scrotum. Can cause damage to
the testicle that prevents it from producing sperm
Medical attention. Possible surgery
Male Reproduction System Problems
Problem
Description
Treatment or Prevention
Urinary Tract
infection (UTI)
Infection in the urinary tract that causes frequent
Medical treatment required for any symptoms
and burning urination. May cause urine to be bloody.
May be a result of and STD, or other causes.
Testicular Cancer
Uncontrolled growth of the cells of the testes.
Medical care required; surgery and
Usually does not cause pain and is usually found as
chemotherapy usually required. Identified
an enlargement of the testicle or as a pea-sized lump early during testicular exams
of the testicle
Testicular Torsion Twisting of the testacle on the nerves and blood
vessels attached to it. Produces swelling and pain;
Usually happens during athletic activity
Immediate medical care required
Prostate
Enlargement
Medical care required. May be treated with
medications or surgery
Enlargement of the prostate gland; happens with
age. Causes frequent and slow urination
Caring for the Male Body
• Bathe every day and keep skin clean and
dry.
• Do not wear damp clothing any longer
than is necessary
• Always wear protective gear when playing
sports that could cause testicular injury
• See a doctor regularly, and report any
unusual pain, swelling, tenderness, or
lumps.
• Do regular testicular exams. Ask your
doctor how to perform these exams
• Abstain from sex before marriage to
prevent catching sexually transmitted
diseases.
Assignment #4- turn to your book and fill out the chart pg. 218-221
Epididymis
Prostate Gland
Penis
Bladder
Vas Deferens
Urethra
Testicle
Seminal Vesicles
Answers Assignment # 4
Bladder
Urethra
Prostate Gland
Penis
Seminal Vesicles
Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Testicle
Quick Check
1.____ is the male sex cell.
2.____and ____ is produced in the testes.
3. Sperm is stored in the ____ until needed for ejaculation.
4. Name the three glands that add fluid to sperm to make semen.
5. The ____ controls the temperature of the testicles.
6. An erection is caused by an increase of ___ into the chambers of
the penis.
7. Frequent and slow urination are symptoms of ____
enlargement.
8. It is important to get regular medical check ups as well as
performing ____ exams
Quick Check Answers
1. SPERM is the male sex cell.
2. SPERM and TESTOSTERONE a produced in the testes.
3.Sperm is stored in the EPIDIDYMIS until needed for ejaculation.
4.Name the three glands that add fluid to sperm to make semen.
1. PROSTATE
2. COWPER'S
3. SEMINAL VESICLES
5. The SCROTUM controls the temperature of the testicles.
6.In erection is caused by an increase of BLOOD into the chambers of the
penis.
7. Frequent and slow urination are symptoms of PROSTATE enlargement.
8. It is important to get regular medical check ups as well as performing
TESTICULAR exams.