3.1 - Carbon Compounds
Pages 51-54
Standards
Distinguish among the structure and function
of the four major organic macromolecules
found in living things.
•
•What
•
does this mean?
You need to know the structure and function of:
•
Proteins
•
Lipids
•
Carbohydrates
•
Nucleic Acids
Organic vs. Inorganic
atoms
Organic molecules contain Carbon
____________;
inorganic molecules do not.
Carbon Bonding
•Electrons:
•
•
8 outer electrons to be
Atoms generally need _____
stable.
4 outer electrons.
Carbon has ____
•Unique
•
properties of carbon’s outer electrons.
Can bond with it’s self in
a variety of ways.
Drawing Carbon Molecules
One line = Single Bond (uses 1 of carbons 4 electrons)
Two lines = Double Bond (uses 2 of carbons 4 electrons)
Three lines = Triple Bond (uses 3 of carbons 4 electrons)
There is one pair of shared electrons for each
line.
Functional Groups
Functional Groups:
Groups of atoms that influence the characteristics of molecules
they are a part of and the chemical reactions the molecules
undergo.
Examples:
• Hydroxyl Increases solubility and facilitates hydrogen bonding.
• Carboxyl Facilitates hydrogen bonding and peptide bonding
• Amino Is basic and facilitates peptide bonding
• Phosphate Excellent inorganic bonding agent
Table on page 52.
Macromolecules –
Macro means? Large
What are these “large” molecules made of?
Many
Monomers
Many monomers all linked together is a:
Polymer
Linking Monomers
Condensation Reaction (polymerization):
The reaction that links monomers and releases a water molecule.
Breaking Polymers
Hydrolysis Reaction:
The reaction that breaks a monomer off a polymer chain and uses
a water molecule.
The reverse of a
condensation reaction.
Main Points - Review
Carbon molecules are unique because they can
bond in a variety of shapes.
•
Functional groups change characteristics of
molecules.
•
•Macromolecules
(polymers) are made of
monomers that can be added and removed.
Homework:
Worksheet – “Macromolecules”
Use your book – 3.2 to answer the questions.
DUE: Next class period (block day).