SSUSH 13
The student will identify
major efforts to reform
American society and
politics in the
Progressive Era.
Characteristics
Definition
The movement that called for
more government action in
the regulation of business, and
called for laws governing
morality, and city development
to improve societies ills.
Minimum Wage laws
Child labor laws
40 hr work week laws
Safety laws
Laws protecting unions
:
Examples
Meat Inspection Act
Conservation movement
Progressive
Era
Non-Examples
Laissez faire “hands off”
SSUSH 13a
Explain Upton Sinclair’s
The Jungle and federal
oversight of the
meatpacking industry.
Characteristics
Definition
Journalists that used
writing to expose
corruption, government
scandal, or the wrongs
in society.
Inform public
Influence government
policy
Cause change in society
:
Muckraker
Examples
Upton Sinclair – Chicago
meatpacking
Ida Tarbell – The History of
Standard Oil
Non-Examples
Literature that covers up and
hides scandals and wrongs.
• PROGRESSIVES - Those who supported the
reforms (changes) of the Progressive Era.
They believed
things could
made better by
Theodore Roosevelt
labeledbe
them
muckrakers
because he said they
government
reforms.
stirred up & uncovered much of the
• Muckrakers“muck” ofJournalists
US society. that investigate and
exposes social ills like political corruption,
Child labor, and social issues in their writing.
Upton Sinclair
• Exposed the unsanitary
methods used in the
Chicago Meatpacking
Industry.
• Sinclair stated, “I aimed for
the publics hearts, and
accidentally hit its
stomach!”
• Theodore Roosevelt
pushed for passage of the
Meat Inspection Act after
reading.
Significance
Influenced Congress to pass the meat inspection
Act. Government regulated the industry by
making it inspect meat and mark it to show it
was safe for human consumption
SSUSH 13d
Explain Ida Tarbell’s
role as a muckraker.
Ida Tarbell
• Ida Tarbell was a
muckraker that
exposed the unfair
business practices
used by John D.
Rockefeller in forming
the Standard Oil
Company into a trust.
Significance
Influenced Congress to pass anti-trust laws, or laws to keep
businesses from forming monopolies. The most popular was
the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. These laws were examples of
how the government began to regulate businesses and
industry because of political pressure caused by literary
works written by muckrakers.
OTHER
MUCKRAKERS
Muckraker
Thomas Nast
Jacob Riis
Ida B. Wells
Work
Political
Cartoons
How the
Other Half
Lives
(1890)
A Red
Record
(1895)
Subject
Political corruption by
NYC's political machine,
Tammany Hall, led by
Boss Tweed.
Living conditions of the
urban poor; focused on
tenements.
Provided statistics on the
lynching of AfricanAmericans.
Results
Tweed was convicted of
embezzlement and died in
prison.
NYC passed building
codes to promote safety
and health.
NAACP joined the fight for
Federal anti-lynching
legislation.
SSUSH 13b
Identify Jane Addams and
Hull House and describe
the role of women in
reform movements.
Social Gospel Movement
• Preached salvation through service to the
poor.
• Reformers such as Jane Addams and her
Hull House of Chicago responded.
• Encouraged government action and
regulation of business and corrupt
politics.
• Encouraged social programs by the
government
Jane Adams – Hull House
• Purpose was to help
inner city “Urban” poor.
• Immigrants learned how
to read, write, and
speak English.
• Night school for adults,
kindergarten classes for
kids, clubs for older
children, a public
kitchen,
IMMIGRANTS
HULL
SETTLEMENT
ECONOMICS
MEDICAL
LEGAL
English
Language
URBAN
SOCIAL
IMMIGRANTS
SSUSH 13c
Describe the rise of
Jim Crow, Plessy v.
Ferguson, and the
emergence of the
NAACP.
Characteristics
Definition
Social and legal
laws that were
meant to separate
the races in society.
Black & White water fountains
Black & White Schools
:
Jim Crow
Examples
Blacks had to move to the back of
the bus to allow white people to sit
up front.
Blacks could not eat in white
restuaraunts.
Non-Examples
Brown v. Board of Education
(1954)
Jim Crow Era
• Laws passed from 1870s to 1880’s
in various states.
• Took away newly won rights of
African Americans- especially right
to vote.
• Examples: Poll tax, literacy test for
voting, grandfather clause
• Separate public facilities for races.
Booker T. Washington
• Founder of Tuskegee Normal &
Industrial College
• Encouraged blacks to seek technical
training for jobs to be accepted into
white culture.
• Blamed black poverty on blacks and
urged them to accept discrimination.
W.E.B. Du Bois
• Criticized Washington’s ideas
• Encouraged blacks to seek higher
education and become leaders (lawyers,
doctors, politicians, etc.) so that they
could fight discrimination in court and
society.
• Wanted immediate social and economic
equality for African Americans
NAACP
• National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
• Aimed to full equality among the
races. Full civil rights for African
Americans.
• W.E.B. Du Bois helped establish
this group
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
• Established “Separate
but Equal” doctrine.
• Ruled that it was not
unconstitutional to
separate the races as
long as they had
equal services.
• Segregation
(separation of races)
legal.
Homer Plessy
SSUSH 13e
Describe the significance of
progressive reforms such as the
initiative, recall, and
referendum; direct election of
senators; reform of labor laws;
and efforts to improve living
conditions for the poor in cities.
Planks in the Populist Party Platform
Direct Election of U.S.
Senators
Secret Ballot
Party bosses controlled state legislatures that elected
representatives to the U.S. Senate. To limit this control,
the Populists proposed allowing citizens to directly elect
U.S. Senators.
Privacy at the ballot box would ensure that citizens can cast
votes without party bosses knowing how they voted.
Initiative
A proposal for a law that originates with state citizens and
bypasses the legislature and gets on the ballot by the
petition process.
Referendum
A process where legislatures place a proposed law on the
ballot to allow citizens to vote law into effect.
Recall
Direct
Primary
Would allow voters to petition to have an elected
representative removed from office.
Designed to ensure that voters select candidates to run for
office, rather than party bosses.
Senators Chosen
Elected
th
17
Before
Amendment
Progressivism
Progressive Era Federal Legislation
Required that companies accurately label the ingredients
Pure Food and Drug Act contained in processed food items.
(1906/1911)
Meat Inspection Act
(1906)
In direct response to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle, this law
required that meat processing plants be inspected to ensure
the use of good meat and health-minded procedures.
Progressive Era Federal Legislation Cont…
Hepburn Act
(1906)
Federal Reserve Act
(1913)
Clayton Antitrust Act
(1914)
Federal Trade Act
(1914)
Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission,
allowing it to set maximum railroad rates.
Created 12 district Federal Reserve Banks, each able to
issue new currency and loan member banks funds at the
prime interest rate, as established by the Federal Reserve
Board.
Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing the
creation of a monopoly through any means, and stated that
unions were not subject to antitrust legislation.
Established the Federal Trade Commission, charged with
investigating unfair business practices including
monopolistic activity and inaccurate product labeling.
Progressive Era Amendments
16th (1913)
Granted Congress the power to tax income.
17th (1913)
Provided for the direct election of U.S. Senators.
18th (1919)
Prohibited making, selling, or transporting alcohol.
19th (1920)
Provided women suffrage (voting).
SSUSH 13f
Describe the conservation
movement and the
development of national
parks and forests; include
the role of Theodore
Roosevelt.
Theodore Roosevelt
• Fought in the Spanish
American War
• Oversaw building of the
Panama Canal
• Led the Rough Riders at
the Battle of San Juan
Hill
• Issued the Roosevelt
Corollary (an extension
of the Monroe
Doctrine)
• Preservation or
Conservation of U.S.
Natural resources.
Characteristics
Definition
The setting aside land to
preserve it from the
devastating effects of
industrialization and the
closing of the frontier.
To keep land from businesses.
Not allow homes or industry to
clear trees and forests.
Protect by government law.
:
Conservation
Examples
Yellow Stone National Park
Yosemite National Park
Non-Examples
Land for mining, excavating for
oil, gold, iron ore, or marble.
National Parks - Conservation
SSUSH 14
The Student will explain
America’s evolving
relationship with the
world at the turn of the
twentieth century.
SSUSH 14a
Explain the Chinese
Exclusion Act of 1882
and anti-Asian
immigration sentiment
on the west coast.
Chinese Exclusion Act
• Law passed in
Congress in 1882
to restrict the
immigration of
Chinese into the
United States.
• Was not
repealed until
1943
Characteristics
Definition
The idea of opposing
immigration of cultures
that were different.
Usually leads to violence
and discrimination and
based on fear of different
cultures.
Do not like Catholics.
Do not like Communists.
Do not like Chinese.
:
Nativism
Examples
Chinese Exclusion Act
Racism
Non-Examples
Equal employment
Civil Rights
Equality under the Law