COVALENT BONDING FORMULAS & NAMES (INCLUDING ACIDS) Chem-To-Go Lesson 16 Unit 4 WHAT IS A COVALENT BOND? Covalent Bond = a nonmetal atom shares valence electrons with another nonmetal atom; both atoms achieve stability We’ll learn to: 1. Name covalent compounds 2. Write formulas for covalent compounds 3. Draw Lewis structures 4. Analyze Lewis structures to predict properties IMPORTANT PREFIXES 1)Mono 2)Di 3)Tri 4)Tetra 5)Penta 6)Hexa 7)Hepta 8)Octa 9)Nona 10)Deca WRITING FORMULAS Use the prefixes to determine subscripts for each element. NO IONS, THEREFORE NO CRISS-CROSSING! EXAMPLE 1: phosphorus trioxide EXAMPLE 2: dinitrogen trioxide EXAMPLE 3: tricarbon octahydride WRITING NAMES Use the prefixes to determine subscripts for each element. NO IONS, THEREFORE NO CRISS-CROSSING! EXAMPLE 1: N2O5 EXAMPLE 2: CF4 EXAMPLE 3: P2O6 SPECIAL T YPE OF COVALENT COMPOUND: ACIDS Acid = compound that produces H+ ions when dissolved in water How to Recognize Acids: Find H at the front of the chemical formula. Examples of Acids: • H2SO4 • HCl • HNO3 • HBr TWO TYPES OF ACIDS Binary Acids Oxyacids Contain H bonded to ONE other element Contain H bonded to a POLYATOMIC ION Writing Names Writing Names Hydro + root + ic acid Ex. HCl = hydrochloric acid Ex. H 2 S = hydrosulfuric acid Ex. HI = hydroiodic acid IF –ATE ion: root + ic acid Ex. HNO 3 = nitric acid Ex. H 2 SO 4 = sulfuric acid IF –ITE ion: root + ous acid Ex. HNO 2 = nitrous acid Ex. H 2 SO 3 = sulfurous acid FORMULAS OF ACIDS Binary Acids Oxyacids Criss-cross the ion charges as if the compound was ionic Example: hydronitric acid “Yes hydro, No polyatomic” Example: chlorous acid “No hydro, Yes polyatomic”