MT: Ch. 7: Respiratory System
Functions of the Respiratory System
__________ fresh __________ into lungs
____________ __________ for _____________
____________ ________ air
Organs of the Respiratory System
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
Respiratory System Combining Forms
alveol/o alveolus; air sac
anthrac/o
coal
atel/o incomplete
bronch/o
bronchus
bronchi/o
bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
Respiratory System Combining Forms
coni/o dust
diaphragmat/o diaphragm
epiglott/o
epiglottis
laryng/o
larynx
lob/o lobe
nas/o nose
orth/o straight, upright
ox/o, ox/i
oxygen
pharyng/o
pharynx
pleur/o pleura
pneum/o
lung, air
pneumon/o
lung, air
pulmon/o
lung
rhin/o nose
sinus/o sinus, cavity
spir/o breathing
trache/o trachea, windpipe
Respiratory System Suffixes
–capnia carbon dioxide
–ectasis dilated, expansion
–osmia smell
–phonia voice
–pnea breathing
–ptysis spitting
–thorax chest
Anatomy and Physiology
Cells of body require ____________ gas exchange
Delivery of ______________
Removal of ________________
Respiratory system works in conjunction with
______________________ to meet this need
Respiration Must be _______________ to meet cells’
needs (O2 is NOT stored in body)
Subdivided into three distinct parts:
1: Ventilation
Flow of air between ___________ environment and
____________
2: Inhalation
Flow of air into ____________
Brings fresh ____________ into air sacs
3: Exhalation
Flow of air out of ____________
Removes __________________ from body
External Respiration
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in _________
Gases diffuse in opposite directions
Oxygen
Leaves ___________ and enters ___________
Carbon dioxide
Leaves _____________ and enters __________
Internal Respiration
Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at ____________
Oxygen
Leaves _____________ and is delivered to
_________
Used immediately for _______________
Carbon dioxide
Waste product of metabolism
Leaves ____________ and enters
____________
Respiratory System Organs
Nasal Cavity
Air enters through ________________
Nasal cavity divided by ______________
___________ in roof of mouth separates nasal cavity
above from mouth below
___________
Small ________ line opening to nasal cavity
_________ out large dirt particles before they
can enter lungs
Walls of nasal cavity and nasal septum
Made of flexible ____________
Covered with ______________________
Much of respiratory tract is covered with mucous
membrane
___________ is thick and sticky secretion of
membrane
_________ air by trapping dust and bacteria
____________ in mucous membranes
____________ air
_____________ air
Paranasal sinuses
Located within _________________
Echo chamber for ____________ production
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Gives resonance to voice
Pharynx
Commonly called ______________
Used by respiratory and ____________ systems
At end of pharynx
Air enters _____________
Food and liquids enter _______________
Three Subdivisions of Pharynx
1: _________________
Upper section by nasal cavity
2: __________________
Middle section by oral cavity
3:___________________
Lower section by larynx
Tonsils
_______________ tissue
Removes _____________ in air and food
Three pairs
1: _____________
2: ______________
3: _______________
Eustachian or Auditory Tube
Opening found in ______________
Other end opens into ______________
Tube opens with each ______________
Equalizes __________ pressure between middle
ear and outside atmosphere
Larynx
Commonly called _____________
____________ tube between pharynx and trachea
Contains ______________
Walls of larynx
Composed of ____________ plates
Held in place by ligaments and muscles
Thyroid cartilage forms the _____________
Vocal Cords
Folds of membranous tissue
Not actually cord-like in structure
___________ to produce _____________ as air passes
through opening between folds
Called glottis
Epiglottis
Flap of ______________
Sits above glottis
Covers ________ and __________ during
_____________
Food goes into esophagus - Not into trachea
Trachea
Commonly called ________________
Carries air from larynx to main ______________
Approximately four inches in length
Tube composed of:
Smooth ____________
_______________ rings
Lined with ___________________ and ___________
Assists in ____________, _____________, and
_______________ air as it travels to lungs
Bronchial Tubes
Distal end of ______________ divides
Forms left and right main or ________________
Each bronchus enters a lung
____________ to form secondary bronchi
Alveoli
Bronchi continue to branch to form narrow __________
Bronchiole terminates in ______________
Approximately 150 million alveoli in each lung
Respiratory Membrane
___________________ encase each alveolus
Alveoli wall + capillary wall forms respiratory
membrane
______________ respiration takes place across
respiratory membrane
Lungs
Each is total collection of ____________, ___________,
and _____________
Two lungs
Right lung has ____________ lobes
Left lung has ___________ lobes
Spongy because they contain __________
Apex
Pointed ____________ portion
Base
Broad ____________ area
Hilum
_________ and __________ point
Bronchi, blood vessels, nerves
Protected externally by the ____________
Protected internally by double membrane called ______
Pleura
____________ pleura
______ membrane that lines wall of chest cavity
______________ pleura
_____ membrane that adheres to surface of
lungs
Pleura is folded to form a sac around each lung called
____________
______________ between two pleural layers reduces
___________ when two layers rub together during
ventilation
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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
It is important to measure actual ___________ of air
flowing in and out of lungs
Can then determine lung ____________
Respiratory therapist
Measures lung volumes
Pulmonary function tests
Respiratory Muscles - Inhalation
Diaphragm
________ separates abdomen from thoracic
cavity
Contracts and moves down into abdominal
cavity
Causes decrease of pressure,
___________________, within chest cavity
Air ______________ lungs (inhalation) to
equalize pressure
Intercostal muscles
Located between ______________
____________ rib cage to further enlarge
thoracic cavity
Increases ______________ pressure
Assists with _____________ inhalation
Respiratory Muscles - Exhalation
Unforced exhale results when:
___________ and ___________ muscles
_________
Thoracic cavity becomes smaller
Creates _____________ thoracic pressure
Air flows _________ of lungs to equalize
pressure
For forceful exhale
Use ___________ chest and neck ___________
to further decrease size of thoracic cavity
Create greater ___________ pressure
Word Building p. 217-218
Respiratory System Vocabulary p. 218-220
Respiratory System Pathologies p. 220-223
- Take notes during class
Diagnostic Procedures p. 223-224
Take notes during class
Therapeutic Procedures p. 225-226
Take notes during class
Pharmacology p. 227
Take notes during class
Abbreviations to know p. 227:
ABGs
ARDS
Bronch
Co2
COPD
CPR
C&S
CXR
ENT
LLL
LUL
O2
RA
RLL
RML
RUL
SARS
SIDS
SOB
TB
URI
Respiratory Rate
One of the vital signs (_________), along with heart
rate, temperature, and blood pressure
Respiratory rate dependent on level of _________ in
blood
When CO2 level is ___________, we breathe more
______________ to expel excess
If CO2 levels _____________, respiratory rate will also
__________ until CO2 builds up in bloodstream
Respiratory Rates by Age Group
Age
Respirations per Minute
Newborn
30–60
1-year-old
18–30
16-year-old
16–20
Adult
____________
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