Exploiting E-Resources
in the Pursuit of Research Excellence
IRN Goudar
Head, ICAST
National Aerospace Laboratories
National Seminar on
Access to E-Resources under UGC-INFONET - E-Journal Consortium
Bangalore University, Bangalore
29-30 November 2004
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
A Library User’s Wish List
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Plenty of books and periodicals
Current contents
Regular subscriptions
Good catalogues and records
Good environment
Friendly staff
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
A Library User’s Wish List
 Plenty of books and
periodicals
 Current contents
 Regular subscriptions
 Good catalogues and
records
 Good environment
 Friendly staff
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
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 Internet
 Electronic access to
journals
 Abstracting and value
adding services
 Copying and reproducing
facilities
 Library networks
30 Nov 2004
Identifying Audience Needs
What do students want?
Resources relevant to the courses they are studying
that are:
 Current
 Timely
 Easy to use
 Available off-site (where possible)
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Identifying Audience Needs …
What do teaching staff want?
Resources relevant to the courses they are delivering that:
 Differentiate between and cater for different learning
styles
 Can be embedded into existing courses
 Easy to use
 Training on how to use them
 Time
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Identifying audience needs
What do librarians/LRC staff want?
 Stable and reliable IT
 Promotional material relevant for both staff and
students
 Affordable pricing of e-resources
 Proactive teaching staff
 Time
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Great Journals are born in the hands of the
editors; they die in the hands of businessmen.
-Bernard DeVoto
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Why do Researchers Communicate?
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Secure funding
Research - seek info or participants
Announce outcome
Promote product/technique
Respond to a claim
Protect your position
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
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Organisational Pattern for Research Paper
IMRD format
Introduction
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Methods Results
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Discussion
Overall shape of a research paper
Introduction (I)
General
Specific
Methods (and
materials) (M)
• Indication of:
– out-in-out movement
– general-specificgeneral movement.
Results (R)
Specific
Discussion (D)
General
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Criteria for Journal Selection for Publishing
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International VS National VS Local
Refereed VS Nonrefereed
Currency
Availability of E-version
Visibility and Market share of the Publisher
Circulation Statistics
Language
Subject
Periodicity
Professional Society Publication?
SCI Covered?
Coverage by I & A Services
Impact Factor
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Publishing …

Motivations involved in publishing
• Plenty of books and periodicals
work
• Current contents
 Where to publish?
• Regular subscriptions
 Concerns
about the
• Good catalogues
and publishing
records
process
• Good environment
• Friendly
 Hopes
andstaff
expectations for the
future
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Objectives
while
publishing
A Library User’s Wish List
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Current contents
Regular subscriptions
Good catalogues and records
Plenty of books and periodicals
Communication
Career
Good environment
Prestige
Funding
Friendly staff
Financial reward
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Factors
of
importance
A Library User’s Wish List
• 100
Factors of importance
80
60
40
20
0
Audience
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Peer
review
Impact
factor
UGC-Infonet-EJC
A&I
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Pubn
speed
Pers pubn
list
Submission
decision
factors
A Library User’s Wish List
• Plenty of books and periodicals
100
• Current contents
80
60
• Regular subscriptions
40
20
• Good catalogues and records
0
InterCircn
Pubn speed
•Reputation
Good environment
A&I
national
reach
Subject
• Friendly
Impact staff
factor
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
coverage
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Electronic version available
A Library User’s Wish List
•
15•
10
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5
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0
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•
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Plenty of books and periodicals
Current contents
Regular subscriptions
Good catalogues and records
Sciences
Arts
Good
environment
Friendly staff
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Existing Knowledge Base
 Organisations
 Individuals
 Associations
 Corporations
 Internet and Websites
 Document Resources (Print / Electronic)
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Books
Technical Reports
Conference Papers
Patents
Standards
Journals
Policy & Plan Documents
Staff Profiles
Video
UGC-Infonet-EJC
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Course materials
Multimedia
Graphics
Manuals
News Clips
Lectures
E-mail Archive
Photographs
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User’s Point of View
Where do I look
for Information?
How do I compare
lists of results?
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How do I make
a query?
How do I get accurate
answer?
How do I navigate
to related resources?
How do I obtain the
actual materials?
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
User’s Perspective
Don’t bother me with the details,
just get me to the stuff I want –
preferably online –
preferably NOW!
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Increased User Expectations
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Greater visibility of new access options
Increased ‘mobility’ of access
Context-dependent retrieval options
Online access in demand even if it duplicates print
holdings.
 Expanded, seamless access/ interlinked resources.
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Print vs. Electronic Journal Collections
 Print Journal Collections:
– Holdings under one title and usually in one location.
– Access is usually the same for affiliated and non-affiliated users.
– Holdings tend to be very stable.
 Electronic Journal Collections:
– ‘Holdings’ may be distributed over several different publisher
sites – even though the title remained the same.
– Duplicate holdings often with differences in content/options.
– Holdings tend to be more fluid.
Reasons: License price changes, aggregator content changes, etc.
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
E-only
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No handling of print
No binding of journals
Less storage space required
User satisfaction
Seamless, one-stop access
Individualised for the student
Flexible for the teacher
Universally accessible
Easy to use
UGC-Infonet-EJC
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Variety of E-Resources
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E-journals / e-serials
Citation databases
Full-text article databases
Non-serial content such as e-books, government
documents, numeric datasets, spatial data, eprints, images,
audio, video, websites, etc.
 Content manipulation tools.
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Present Availability of Periodicals
 Until some years ago, University libraries
subscribed to a fair number of journals in different
disciplines.
 Now most journals have become unaffordable
because increase in grants have not kept pace with
increasing costs.
 Presently very few periodicals are available even
in major University libraries and departments.
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
E-Availability
 A huge number of periodicals are now available in
databases and can be accessed over the internet.
 There is now an increasing presence of computers in
Universities and Colleges.
 Access to the internet, with reasonable bandwidth, is
now available on some campuses.
 Initiative by the UGC/INFLIBNET, resulted in a sharp
increase in access to e-resources.
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
UGC-INFONET
E-Journals Programme Partners
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UGC
ERNET
The Inter-University Centres IUCAA
INFLIBNET
CEC
National and international publishers
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
UGC
•Over all monitoring
•Constitution of Joint Technical and Tariff committee for
smooth execution of project
•Providing finance support to the project
INFLIBNET
•Decide type of connectivity
•Monitoring of Network
•Provide the content in terms of
Bibliographic database and esubscription
•Help Universities to setting up IT
Infrastructure
ERNET
•Design & Installation
•Maintenance
•Providing Backbone
•Hosting of Mirror sites
•Training
University
•Place firm order to ERNET
•Provide necessary accommodation
•Identify two persons for training
•Campus network/ access center
The INFLIBNET One Point Programme
Provide one point E-subscriptions to
all important journals for the entire
University community
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
The UGC Model
• Universities have a poor subscription base.
• Traditional consortium models therefore do not
apply.
• Electronic access only models are being
considered.
• These should prove to be attractive to users as
well as suppliers.
• This stream will allow suppliers to tap revenue
which exists but is presently inaccessible, through
a couple of hundred universities and thousands of
colleges.
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
E-Resources Subscribed under UGC-Infonet
23 + 6 DB
36
31
34 Life Sci.
222
8
72
19
100 +100 subscribed, Access all 1200 titles
29
319
28 Lib. Sci.
In addition - Access to 2 Gateway
portal services to 28 univ. each
Pie Charts
Pie Chart of connected Univerities under UGCInfonet Programme as on 1.10.2004
2 Mbps
19
1 Mbps
6
64 Kbps
4
128 Kbps
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Pie Chart of Allocation of E-Journals to Universities
2 Mbps
17
64 Kbps
0
128 Kbps
7
256 Kbps
0
64 Kbps
128 Kbps
512 Kbps
512 Kbps
512 Kbps
42
117 Universities
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1 Mbps
1 Mbps
2 Mbps
UGC-Infonet-EJC
128 Kbps
256 Kbps
256 Kbps
256 Kbps
2
64 Kbps
1 Mbps
6
30 Nov 2004
2 Mbps
512 Kbps
20
50 Universities
UGC-INFONET
E-Journals Programme: Fields
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Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
Physical and Chemical Sciences
Life Sciences
Computer Science, Mathematics, Statistics
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Our goal:
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
E-journals - Pros
 Available 7 x 24
 Remote access
 Desktop delivery of information
 Search / browse functions
 Articles available upon publication
 Hypertext link to related resources
 Space saving
 Cost saving
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
E-Journals - Cons
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No perpetual access after cancellation
In / out of journals in aggregator databases
Embargo period
Poor image / graphic quality
Content not cover to cover
Loss of access to back issues in case of change of
publisher
 Not welcome by some readers
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Pros and cons of e-journals
Pros
Cons
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Desktop access
Faster access
E-pub ahead of print
Downloadable graphics
Linking
Seamless access via
databases
• Saves time
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
No shelf browsing
Quality of graphics
Missing articles
Missing supplements
‘Dead’ links to
articles/issues
• Publisher’s site
unavailable
30 Nov 2004
Criteria for E-Only Journals
Completeness
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Does the electronic version include the full cover-to-cover
content of the print version – excluding advertising?
Quality, ease of use, timeliness, and reliability of online
access.
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Does the full-text version offer fast and convenient access to full-text in pdf and
html, or –at minimum- pdf only?
Is the electronic version reliably available before the print edition?
Does the publisher have a good reputation for ensuring around-the-clock access?
Cost
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Is the price of a license commensurate with the need for the journal?
Use data for print and electronic version are available for most journals provided.
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
… Contd
Criteria for E-Only Journals
Access for all Campus users
 The online access license must be broad enough to cover all oncampus users. Off-site access is also an important consideration.
Backfile access and archiving policy
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Does the online license include a sufficiently large archive to meet most user
needs?
Is continued backfile access included or offered at a reasonable cost?
Publisher’s commitment to sustainable and accepted
pricing models
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Some publisher’s pricing models impose access limits that undercut the usefulness of
the electronic version, e.g. a restrictive license terms that lead to access problems for
users at times of high demand.
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
How do we promote the use of E-journals?
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All e-journals are being catalogued
E-journal title list and subject list
E-portal link to Library resources
User education / Online user guide
Alert service
SFX – provides links between citation and ejournals
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Awareness of e-journals
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Visit departments/ institutes
Information on shelves
News service
Support on web pages
- FAQ,
- troubleshooting
 Feed-back forms on web
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Open Discussion on Promoting E-Resources
Some Feedback From Librarians:
 Use Library website – Hot news, New additions of e-resources
 Special talks – training, internal seminar, user education,
orientation programme etc
 Bulletin board service – notice circulation to replace paper
 Readers’ Services Counter – in-person consultation
 Posters
 Intranet
 Display List of New journals – with short description, coverage
 Get Feedback
 Staff Publications
 Email Alert on new content updates
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Promoting your resources
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Take advantage of free trial access
Buy-in from senior management
Attend curriculum meetings
Develop close relationships with curriculum staff
Post articles/notices on the Intranet and internal newsletters
Run training sessions for staff and students
Ensure that access to those resources is widely
available to reach the maximum audience possible
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Promoting your resources
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Use available marketing materials and / or create your own
Send emails to groups of students (and staff if possible)
Have drop in sessions during lunch-times
Understand and exploit the potential uses of e-resources
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Changing roles of librarians
 How do we perceive ourselves?
– Custodians?
– Resource providers?
– Knowledge experts?
– Service providers?
– Communicators and intermediaries
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Who uses e-resources the most?
 men use more than women, are more willing to
cancel print versions
 young (under 35 years of age) use more than
older and are more willing to cancel print
versions
 post-graduate students and researchers use
more than lecturers and professors
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Which disciplines use most e-resources?
 use is high: science, economics
 use varies: technology, health science
 use is low: humanities, culture, social sciences
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
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A Lot More for a Little Extra
• Access to all titles of publishers for little surcharge
• Multi year agreements with fixed annual price cap
• Users happy – Wider access
• Publishers happy – Guaranteed revenue, greater visibility of titles
• But what about non-major publishers?
• Discount on multiple print copies
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Consortia Constraints Specific to
Indian Libraries
 Lack of awareness about consortia benefits
 Slow acceptance of e-information by the users.
 Difficulties in changing the mind setup of librarians
 Maintenance and balancing both physical and digital library
 Inadequate funds
 Single point payment
 Rigid administrative, financial and auditing rules
 Problems of defining asset against payment
 Pay-Per-View not yet acceptable
 Uncertainty about the persistence of digital resources.
 Lack of infrastructure for accessing electronic sources
 Unreliable telecommunication links and insufficient bandwidth
 Lack of appropriate bibliographic tools
 Lack of trained personnel for handling new technologies
 Absence of strong professional association
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 Big brother attitude
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
Library and Consortial Relationships and Services
Union Catalog
Library
Library
Consortium 1
Library
Country
Consortium
Library
Library
Delivery
E-Resources
Consortium 2
Library
Standards
Other Services
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
R&D/ACADEMIC/CORPORATE COMMUNITY
Country Consortium
Services
Access System
“Service Providers”
New Models for Scholarly Communication
 Open Access Journals
– Authors retain copyright
– No fee for readers (or libraries)
– Revenues are generated from sources other than
subscriptions
– There are 1,288 journals currently available through
the Directory of Open Access Journals
http://www.doaj.org/
IRN Goudar
UGC-Infonet-EJC
30 Nov 2004
New Models for Scholarly Communication
 Creative Commons Licensing
– An alternative to copyright transfer
– Defines explicitly which rights the author retains
and which rights she grants to users (e.g., use,
reproduction, creation of derivative works)
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“ Man can live individually, but can survive
only collectively. Hence, our challenge is to
form a progressive community by balancing
the interests of the individual and that of the
society. To meet this we need to develop a
value system where people accept modest
sacrifices for the common good”
From Vedas – As quoted by Mr. Narayanamurthy (IFOSYS)
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
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UGC-Infonet-EJC
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