Littell 1
Name_______________________________
Littell
English_____________ Block___________
Date_______________________________
Modernism & Robert Frost
Part I: Read pages 992-994. Answer the following questions to pull out the necessary literary details.
1. Modernism is a direct response to….social and cultural changes
2. The new generation of writers searched for different literary forms to express what they understood as the
modern consciousness. The rallying cry inspired by Ezra Pound was…”Make it new!”
3. The characteristics now identified with modernism are:
A. Characters are always alienated – withdrawn, unresponsive, hurt by unnamed forces
B. Experimentation
a. stream-of consciousness, (Katherine Anne Porter)
b. short fragmentary stories (Ernest Hemingway and Richard Wright)
c. verse out of the fragments of modern experience (Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot)
d. artists – cubist designs, cutouts, and collages (Picasso, Matisse, and Duchamp)
C. Notable for what they leave out as for what they put in
Part II: Read pages 996-999. Answer the following three questions after reading.
1. What esteemed prize did Frost win for his poetry in 1924?
2. Why did Frost’s 1942 collection, A Witness Tree, have a darker tone?
3. What high honor did Frost receive in 1961?
Part III: Before reading the poems below, read the “Build Background” on page 1000 and answer the following
question:
How did Frost incorporate both Transcendental and Modern views in his poetry?
Part IV: The poems anthologized in the textbook are reprinted here below. They can be found on pages 10011004. Read the following poems and annotate them for meaning, tone, and theme.
Acquainted with the Night
I have been one acquainted with the night.
I have walked out in rain -- and back in rain.
I have outwalked the furthest city light.
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I have looked down the saddest city lane.
I have passed by the watchman on his beat
And dropped my eyes, unwilling to explain.
I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet
When far away an interrupted cry
Came over houses from another street,
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But not to call me back or say good-bye;
And further still at an unearthly height,
A luminary clock against the sky
Proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right.
I have been one acquainted with the night.
Tone
Theme
Figurative
Language
Modern
Elements
Transcendental
Elements
Underline and label on the
poem.
Littell 2
Mending Wall
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Something there is that doesn't love a wall,
That sends the frozen-ground-swell under it,
And spills the upper boulders in the sun,
And makes gaps even two can pass abreast.
The work of hunters is another thing:
I have come after them and made repair
Where they have left not one stone on a stone,
But they would have the rabbit out of hiding,
To please the yelping dogs. The gaps I mean,
No one has seen them made or heard them made,
But at spring mending-time we find them there.
I let my neighbor know beyond the hill;
And on a day we meet to walk the line
And set the wall between us once again.
We keep the wall between us as we go.
To each the boulders that have fallen to each.
And some are loaves and some so nearly balls
We have to use a spell to make them balance:
'Stay where you are until our backs are turned!'
We wear our fingers rough with handling them.
Oh, just another kind of out-door game,
One on a side. It comes to little more:
There where it is we do not need the wall:
He is all pine and I am apple orchard.
My apple trees will never get across
And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him.
He only says, 'Good fences make good neighbors'.
Spring is the mischief in me, and I wonder
If I could put a notion in his head:
'Why do they make good neighbors? Isn't it
Where there are cows? But here there are no cows.
Before I built a wall I'd ask to know
What I was walling in or walling out,
And to whom I was like to give offence.
Something there is that doesn't love a wall,
That wants it down.' I could say 'Elves' to him,
But it's not elves exactly, and I'd rather
He said it for himself. I see him there
Bringing a stone grasped firmly by the top
In each hand, like an old-stone savage armed.
He moves in darkness as it seems to me~
Not of woods only and the shade of trees.
He will not go behind his father's saying,
And he likes having thought of it so well
He says again, "Good fences make good neighbors."
Tone
Theme
Figurative
Language
Modern
Elements
Transcendental
Elements
Underline and label on the
poem.
Littell 3
“Out, Out – ”
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The buzz saw snarled and rattled in the yard
And made dust and dropped stove-length sticks of wood,
Sweet-scented stuff when the breeze drew across it.
And from there those that lifted eyes could count
Five mountain ranges one behind the other
Under the sunset far into Vermont.
And the saw snarled and rattled, snarled and rattled,
As it ran light, or had to bear a load.
And nothing happened: day was all but done.
Call it a day, I wish they might have said
To please the boy by giving him the half hour
That a boy counts so much when saved from work.
His sister stood beside him in her apron
To tell them ‘Supper.’ At the word, the saw,
As if to prove saws know what supper meant,
Leaped out at the boy’s hand, or seemed to leap—
He must have given the hand. However it was,
Neither refused the meeting. But the hand!
The boy’s first outcry was a rueful laugh,
As he swung toward them holding up the hand
Half in appeal, but half as if to keep
The life from spilling. Then the boy saw all—
Since he was old enough to know, big boy
Doing a man’s work, though a child at heart—
He saw all was spoiled. ‘Don’t let him cut my hand off—
The doctor, when he comes. Don’t let him, sister!’
So. But the hand was gone already.
The doctor put him in the dark of ether.
He lay and puffed his lips out with his breath.
And then—the watcher at his pulse took fright.
No one believed. They listened to his heart.
Little—less—nothing!—and that ended it.
No more to build on there. And they, since they
Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs.
Tone
Theme
Figurative
Language
Modern
Elements
Transcendental
Elements
Underline and label on the
poem.
Littell 4
TPCASTT
Directions: Choose your favorite poem or one you are more interested to understand. Complete the chart over
this poem.
Poem I chose: _________________________________________________________________
What to Look for
Title
Paraphrase
Connotation
 diction and
symbolism
 imagery
 metaphors and
similes
 rhyme scheme
 end rhymes and
internal rhymes
 alliteration
 assonance
 consonance
 allusions
 punctuation
 personification
 …
Place the words from the
poem in this column. Be sure
to include the line number.*
What is its literal meaning?
Answer the question(s) to the left.
Always be thinking of under the
surface meaning here.
What does the poem say? This
is a surface read. Do not read
into the words yet.
Write down the terms used and
go back to the poem and
underline/highlight and label
each one. Find a minimum of
three.
(Go back to its page and write a
paraphrase next to or below this
poem.)
Attitude (author’s tone)
How is the writer speaking?
Shifts (in tone, action,
rhythm)
How do the shifts affect the
poem?
Title (yes, again)
Reevaluate the title as it
pertains to what you have
discovered.
Theme
What does the poem mean?
What is it saying? How does it
relate to life?
*The shaded boxes do not need to have words or lines from the poem in them.