Animals!!
Characteristics
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Cannot make their own food
Digest their food
Move from place to place
Many celled
Eukaryotic
Classicfication
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Vertebrates: animals with a backbone
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Fish, birds, mammals
Invertebrates: animals without a backbone
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Sponges, jellyfish, worms and insects.
Symmetry
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Radial symmetry: body parts are arranged
in a circle around a center point.
Bilateral symmetry: body parts arranged in
the same way on both sides of its body.
Invertebrates
Sponges
 Live
in water
 Get food from
water through
pores
 No symmetry
Cnidarians
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Sting food and eat
it
Live in water
Have tentacles
Radial symmetry
Example:
Jellyfish
Flatworms
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Flat
Live inside
something else
(parasites)
Bilateral Symmetry
Examples:
Tapeworm and
planarian
Roundworms
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Round
Live inside
something else
(parasites)
Bilateral symmetry
Examples:
Hookworms
Segmented Worms
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Body has
segments
Bilateral
Symmetry
Examples:
Earthworm and
leeches
Mollusks
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Live in water
Many have shells
Have soft bodies
Bilateral Symmetry
Examples: Snail,
Clam, Slug,
Octopus, Oyster,
Scallop
Echinoderm
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Spiny body
Live in the oceans
Radial symmetry
Starfish, sea
urchin, sea
cucumber, sand
dollar
Arthropods
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Jointed legs
Harder outer coat
Have segmented
bodies
Examples:
Spiders, Flies,
Crabs
Crustaceans
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Large claws
2 body parts
Most live in
water
8 legs
Examples: Crab,
Lobster, Shrimp
Centipedes and Millipedes
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Centipedes: Flat,
2 legs on each
segment
Millipedes:
Round, 4 legs on
each segment
Spiders and their relatives
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2 body parts
8 legs
Examples:
spiders, ticks,
scorpions
Insects
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3 body parts
6 legs
Sometimes
antenna: used for
feeling
Sometimes they
have wings
Vertebrates
Vertebrate Characteristics:
They have backbones. They belong to
the phylum Chordata.
Chordates are: A huge phylum that has
subphyla called vertebrata, tunicates and
lancelets
All chordates have a notocord, which is
a: flexible rod-like structure along the
dorsal side of an animal
They also have a Dorsal hollow
nerve cord: tubular bundle of
nerves that lies above the
notocord.
Lastly, they have gill slits: paired
openings located in the throat
behind the mouth.
What is an endoskeleton?
Vertebrae (bones that cover the
dorsal nerve cord) and other
bones that are internal. Endomeans within. Supports and
protects the internal organs
What is an ectotherm? An animal
whose internal body temperature
changes when the environment
temperature changes. Otherwise
known as cold blooded.
What is an endotherm? Animals
that keep a constant internal body
temperature even when the
environment temperature
changes.
Fish
They are ectotherms. They have
gills for breathing. Most fish are
going to have fins. These are used
for steering, balancing and moving.
Fish have scales. These are: hard,
thin, overlapping plates that cover
the skin and protect the fish’s body.
They are made of bone.
Fish are broken up into 3 groups. These
groups are the jawless fish, the
cartilaginous fish and the bony fish. An
example of a jawless fish is a sea
lamprey. They have round mouths and
their bodies are long and tubelike. They
have slimy skin and no scales. Their
bodies are made of cartilage.
Cartilage: tough, flexible tissue
that is not as hard as bone.
Cartilaginous fish have skeletons made
of cartilage. Unlike the jawless fish
though, these fish have moveable jaws
and they have scales that feel like
sandpaper. An example would be a
shark.
Bony fish have skeletons made of bone.
Gills are covered with a Hard gill cover.
Some examples of bony fish are tuna,
yellow perch, and salmon.
Amphibians:
Amphibians are: ectothermic
vertebrates that lives part of this life in
the water and part of its life on land.
They have moist skin, which is smooth
and does not have scales. oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged through
the skin. They also have sac-like lungs
in their chest that they use for
breathing. Amphibians hibernate
during the winter.
Hibernation: that period of inactivity
and lower metabolic needs during the
winter.
They also do something called
estivation during the summer months
when the weather is extremely hot.
Estivation: a period of inactivity and
lower metabolic needs during the hot,
dry summer months.
Their skeleton is made of bones. Some
examples are frogs, toads, salamanders
and newts.
What is metamorphosis? A series of
changes that a larva goes through to
become an adult.
Their larva stage is spent in water and
their adult stage is on land.
Reptiles:
A reptile is: ectothermic, vertebrate
with dry, scaly skin.
Examples of reptiles are lizards,
snakes, turtles, crocodiles and
alligators. They have a thick,
waterproof skin. They also have scales
that prevent them from drying out.
Most reptiles have four legs. Which
ones don’t? SNAKES!
The four legs are have claws that help
them to hold their body off the ground
which helps them walk faster. They
also use their claws to dig and climb.
Reptiles breathe with lungs. The
young develop in an amniotic egg:
leathery egg that provides a complete
environment for the developing
embryo.
Turtles: found on almost every
continent and most of the world’s
oceans. They are covered by a thick,
hard shell. They do not have any teeth.
They feed on insects, worms, fish, and
plants.
Crocodiles and alligators: largest
reptiles. Found in or near water.
Crocs have long, slender snouts and
are very aggressive. Alligators are less
aggressive and have very broad snouts.
Lizards and snakes: largest group of
reptiles. Lizards have movable
eyelids, external ears, legs with claws
on each foot. They eat meat and
vegetables. Snakes hear vibrations not
sound waves. They smell with their
tongue. They eat meat.
Birds:
Birds are vertebrates. They are also
endotherms. Birds have feathers and scales.
As you may know they are the only animal
that has feathers. Birds also lay eggs. The
eggs that they lay though are not like reptile
eggs. They are not leathery. They have a
hard shell instead. The parents incubate
their eggs.
What does it mean to incubate? Keep the
eggs warm by sitting on them.
Birds have four legs but their front legs are
actually wings. Their back legs support them
and they usually have claws on their toes.
Birds also do not have teeth. They have a
beak instead.
If you eat eggs, you know what an egg looks
like. The eggs that they lay are also called
amniotic eggs. Birds can lay two to eight
eggs at one time.
Birds have two types of feathers. They are
contour feathers and down feathers.
Contour feathers: strong and lightweight.
Give birds their color and their shape. Use
these to fly. They help with steering and
keeps them from tipping over.
Down feathers: soft and fluffy. Provide
insulation in adult birds and cover the
body of baby birds. Help birds to keep
their constant temperature.
Something that you might not know
about birds is that their bones are hollow.
This is going to make the bird lighter
making it easier for the bird to fly.
Birds generate their body heat from their
food. This is how they maintain their
body temperature.
Mammals:
Mammals are: endothermic
vertebrate. Have hair and produce
milk to feed to their young
Mammary glands: produce the milk
female mammals use to feed their
young.
Oil glands are used to lubricate hair and skin.
Sweat glands are used to help an animal stay
cool. Animals also have scent glands which
can be used to marking territory, attracting
mates and for defense. Mammals all have
hair at sometime in their lives. Some have a
lot of fur. This fur is going to traps air to keep
them warm. Some only have little hairs.
Some have hairs that have changed over time
into quills. What kinds of animals have
quills? porcupines
All animals have teeth. You can tell
what an animal eats by looking at its
teeth. There three ways to classify
animals by the way that they eat.
Herbivores: animals that only eat
plants
Carnivore: animal that only eats
other animals
Omnivore: animals that eat both
plants and animals.
There are three different ways that animals
can be classified. They are monotremes,
marsupials, and placental mammals.
Monotremes: mammals that lay eggs with
tough, leathery shells.
Marsupials: pouched mammals that
give birth to tiny, immature
offspring.
Placental Mammals: embryos develop inside the
uterus of the female. The time that it takes for the
embryo to develop is called the gestation period.
Have a placenta: a sac-like organ developed by the
embryo that attaches to the uterus. It absorbs
oxygen and food from the females blood. It does
this through the umbilical cord: attaches the
embryo to the placenta.