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MB0038: Management Process and Organizational Behaviour
Q1 What do you mean by Span of Control? Differentiate between narrow span of control and wide span
of control. Describe the factors that influence the span of control.
Meaning of span of control
Difference between narrow and wide span of control
Factors that influence span of control
Answer.
Span of control
The number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can directly control is called as span of control. This number
varies with the type of work: complex, variable work reduces it to six, whereas routine, fixed work increases it to
twenty or more.
Q2 Define the term controlling. What are the pre-requisites of effective control?
Definition of controlling
Pre-requisites of effective control
Answer.
Definition of controlling
Controlling can be defined as measuring and correcting of performance to achieve the organisational goals. According
to Brech, “Controlling is a systematic exercise which is called as a process of checking actual performance against the
standards or plans with a view to ensure adequate progress and also recording such experience as is gained as a
contribution to possible future needs.” According to Donnell, “Just as a navigator continually takes reading to ensure
whether he is relative to a planned action, so should a business manager continually take reading to assure himself that
Q3 Define the term ‘personality’. Describe Cattell’s Personality Factor Model.
Definition of Personality
Cattell’s Personality Factor Model
Answer.
Definition of Personality
The term 'personality' means different things to different people. Its root, of course, lies in the Latin term 'persona'
meaning 'speak through' and denoted the mask worn by actors in Greece and Rome. To the common man, it means
external appearances and behaviour, to the psychologists it
means the inner awareness of self as a permanent organizing force, and to the manager, it denotes the measurable traits,
Q4 Discuss the contemporary theories of motivation. 10
Explanation of contemporary theories of motivation
Answer.
Contemporary theories of motivation
ERG Theory: Alderfer (1972) classifies needs into three categories –
1) The existence category that provides our basic material existence requirements (akin to Maslow’s physiological and
safety), 2) Relatedness category which provides relationship and social status (akin to Social) and
3) Growth category which refers to personal development (akin to esteem and self-actualisation).
Q5 What are the factors that affect group behaviour? 10
Explanation of factors that affect group behaviour 10
Answer.
Factors that affect group behaviour
There are several factors that affect group behaviour in addition to the group process. These factors affect the group
process and group decision making and hence it is important to learn about them.
Norms
Norms can be defined as “acceptable standards of behaviour that are shared by the group members.” This is a guideline
for members detailing what they ought and ought not to do under certain circumstances. Norms can be classified into
many categories. Out of these, performance norms which gives guidelines on how hard they should work, how to get
Q6 Define the term ‘leadership’. Write a brief note on “Contingency
Theories of Leadership”
Definition of Leadership
Contingency Theories of Leadership
Answer.
Definition of Leadership
leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. This definition of
leadership captures the leadership essentials of inspiration and preparation. Effective leadership is based upon ideas but
won't happen unless those ideas can be communicated to others in a way that engages them. In simple words, the
leader is the inspiration and the director of the action. He is the person in the group that possesses the combination of
personality and leadership skills that makes others want to follow his direction. In business, leadership is welded to
performance. Those who are viewed as effective leaders are those who increase their company's bottom lines.
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