SBI3U1
BRAINSTORM ACTIVITY…
What do we depend on plants for?
STOP! THINK! PAIR! SHARE!
With your partner, brainstorm 5 significant
uses of plants. Write them down. Now share
your ideas with the rest of the class.
Here’s what we found…
1) Plants sustain life (ie. Photosynthesis and the
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
production of oxygen & glucose)
Plants supply cellulose (ie. Paper, textiles, wood for
construction)
Plants supply agriculture/food (ie. Farming/crops
such as corn, wheat, rice sugar cane)
Plants supply biochemicals( ie. Medicinal teas/pain
relievers)
Plants supply fuel(ie. Wood as a heat source)
Plants provide recreation & tourism (ie. Ecotourism)
What is Nature Worth?
This is a look at the value of ALL living things (plants and animals)...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TartoYpK1yI
Photosynthesis
 Light energy converts CO2 and H2O
into C6H12O6 and O2
CO2 + H2O ------> C6H12O6 + O2
Sunlight energy
 C6H12O6 (glucose )is food for plants
 O2 is used for human/animals to
breathe ( Cellular respiration)
What is Cellulose?
 Cellulose is found in cell
walls of plants
 It’s a complex carbohydrate
How do Humans use
Cellulose?
 Cellulose from cotton
plants is for fabric
 Cellulose from wood used
for paper/cardboard
 When burned it provides
heat
Recall: Plant Cells
Recall: Plant cells
contain some
structures that
animal cells do not
have.
1) cell wall -> to
provide support
2) large central
vacuole-> storage
of materials /
food/ enzymes
3) chloroplasts ->
photosynthesis
Vascular Plant Body(Organ Systems)
Shoot System:
 above ground
 stems provide structural
support and bear
reproductive structures
 leaves perform
photosynthesis
Root System
 below ground
 roots anchor the plant
 roots absorb the water and
minerals required
Shape
Function
Examples
Sketch
Shape
Function
Examples
Sketch
Shape
Function
Examples
Sketch
Types of
PLANT
CELLS:
Complete
Blackline
Masters 13.3
For
Parenchyma
Cells,
Collenchyma
Cells,
Sclerenchyma
Cells
(pg 546)
Plant Tissue
Meristematic: areas where new cells are produced by mitosis
Dermal: outer layers of cells that form a protective covering
Ground: multi-functional tissue inside a plant; includes all
three types of cells (parenchyma, collenchyma,
sclerenchyma)
Vascular: internal system of tubes that transports water,
minerals, and other substances; two types are xylem and
phloem
There are 3 Plant Organs:
1) Roots
2)Stems
3)Leaves
Together they work to
absorb water and
minerals from the ground
and take in carbon
dioxide and light from
above.
Types of Leaves
Types of Roots
Types of Stems
(A) Tubers, like potatoes, are underground stems. (B) Bulbs, like onions, are
compressed stems surrounded by leaves. (C) Stolons are stems that run
horizontally above ground. (D) Rhizomes are stems that run underground.
(E) Irises are plants that have rhizomes.
Recall: Diagram of a Leaf
Structure and Function of Leaf
 Leaf blade is attached directly to the stem or via a




petiole.
Epidermal cells produce a waxy cuticle to prevent
evaporation.
Veins are made up of vascular tissue.
Palisade mesophyll cells are made up of parenchyma
cells that perform photosynthesis.
Spongy mesophyll cells are made up of parenchyma cells
loosely packed to allow gases to flow between them.
Monocots vs. Dicots
Flowing plants are divided into 2 major classes. Notice the
differences.
Overview of Transport in Plants
1) Sugars( glucose) made by
photosynthesis are carried to
all other living cells by the
phloem.
2) Water and dissolved
minerals are taken from the
ground and brought to all
cells by the xylem.
Recall: Ploem & Xylem
Phloem
Xylem
Types of Transportation
Water and nutrients move through the
following processes:
1) Diffusion
2) Osmosis
3) Active Transportation
1) DIFFUSION
Recall
Diffusion:
movement of
particles from an
area of high
[con’c]to low
[con’c]
2) OSMOSIS
Water will move from an area of low
solute [con’c] (high water) to high
solute [con’c] (low water)
3) ACTIVE TRANSPORT
When particles
move against the
[con’c] gradient.
From low [con’c]
to an area of high
[con’c].
Because it is
against the
natural tendency
of particles, this
process requires
energy.
Active vs. Passive Transport
With the [con’c ]gradient
Against the [con’c ]gradient
Active Transport in the Xylem
Active transport moves
xylem fluid against gravity
in two ways:
• positive root pressure
(pushing)
• negative pressure
(transpirational pulling)
“A.K.A The PUSH-PULL System”
Root Pressure( The “Push”):
Xylem Transport
-Water enters the roots by osmosis, and water pushes upward
in the xylem.
-Minerals continue to move across the membrane by active
transport.
-The “push” of water and minerals is aided by the adhesion
(sticking) of water molecules to the xylem cell walls.
-The water and minerals move into the stem and eventually
enter the leaves, moving through the veins.
-At the end of the veins, the water and minerals diffuse into
the cells of the leaves. Much of the water that reaches the leaf
(up to 90%) then returns to the atmosphere, evaporating
through the stomata (this is called transpiration).
Transpiration (The “Pull”):
Xylem Transport
“The cohesion-tension model”
The loss of water through transpiration in the
leaves creates the pull that moves water and
minerals up to replace the lost water.
As the water is being pulled up by transpiration,
cohesion (attraction between water molecules),
and adhesion (attraction between water
molecules and xylem walls), more water enters
the roots.
Translocation: Phloem Transport
Translocaton= The
transport of sucrose
(made from glucose)
through the phloem.
Sucrose moves down to
the roots for winter
storage and back up to
the trunk and branches
in the spring.