Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
Lesson 3.2
The Integumentary
System
Functions of the Integumentary System
• protects against
–
–
–
–
abrasion
chemical damage
drying out
UV radiation damage
• regulates body temperature
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Functions of the Integumentary System
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Anatomy of the Skin
• epidermis
• dermis
• hypodermis
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Layers of the Epidermis
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Review and Assessment
True or False?
1. The dermis is the superficial layer of the skin.
2. The skin helps regulate body temperature.
3. The epidermis has three layers.
4. The hypodermis is above the dermis.
5. The skin protects against UV radiation.
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Epidermal Cells
• keratinocytes
– makes keratin, form layers of epidermis
• epidermal dendritic cells
– ward off infections
• Merkel cells
– touch receptors
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Dermis
• dense, fibrous connective tissue
• papillary layer
– forms fingerprints
• reticular layer
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Hypodermis
• fibrous connective tissue
• adipose tissue
– padding
– insulation
– energy storage
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Appendages of the Skin
• sudoriferous (sweat) glands
– eccrine
– apocrine
• sebaceous glands
• hair
• nails
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Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: hypodermis, keratinocytes,
sweat, or papillary.
1. Eccrine is a type of _______________ gland.
2. _______________ produce keratin.
3. Adipose tissue is found in the _______________.
4. The _______________ of the dermis forms
fingerprints.
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Hair Follicle
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Hair basics
• Shape of follicle = hair texture
– Straight = round
– Wavy = oval
– flat = curly
• Color based on melanin
– (eumelanin, pheomelanin)
– The Truth about Gingers!
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Nail
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Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
Lesson 3.3
Injuries and Disorders
of the Skin
Injuries of the Skin
• decubitus ulcers
– bedsores
– caused by restricted blood supply
• burns
– first-, second- or third-degree
– caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or UV radiation
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Name that Burn
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This Burn!
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That Burn!
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Rule of 9’s
•
•
•
•
•
9% for both anterior/posterior of head/neck
18% for anterior and 18% of posterior of torso
9% for a/p of EACH arm
18% for a/p of EACH leg
1% groin region
• Adds up to 100%
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Problem
• Smokey Susie fell asleep in bed with a bottle of
Jack, which spilled all over her, then was ignited
with her cigar. She had burns on her anterior and
posterior right arm, entire head/neck, anterior
torso, as well as anterior right leg. How badly was
Susie singed?
– Answer: 9 + 9 +18 + 9 = 45%
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Grafting of Skin
• Split-thickness skin
graft
– 2 top layers of from
epidermis, & dermis
• Graft from hidden
donor site
• Held with a dressing,
staples, small
stitches.
• Covered 3 to 5 days.
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Infections of the Skin and Membranes
• viral infections
– herpes varicella
• herpes zoster
– herpes simplex virus
type 1 or type 2
– human papillomavirus
• warts
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Infections of the Skin and Membranes
• fungal infections
–
–
–
–
athlete’s foot
jock itch
ringworm
toenail fungus
• bacterial infections
– Impetigo – staph infection
– cellulitis
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Inflammatory Conditions of the Skin
• psoriasis
– involves redness and
irritation
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Cancers of the Skin
• basal cell carcinoma
– Most common, most curable (grows slow)
– Overproducing cells in stratum basale
• squamous cell carcinoma
– Grows quickly, can spread
– Spiny layer
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Cancers of the Skin
• malignant melanoma
– Most serious
– Fleshy, colored, irregular
– ABCD rule
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Skin Part TWO
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