Computer Graphics
Dr. Winai Wichaipanitch
Computer Engineering
wina@rit.ac.th
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Rajamangala Institute of Technology
Grading
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•
midterm exam
final exam
lab assignments
quizzes/homework
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30%
30%
30%
10%
Rajamangala Institute of Technology
What is
Computer
Graphics ?
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Computer Graphics
• “Computer Graphics is concerned with
producing images (or animations) using a
computer.”
rendering
modeling
WORLD
MODEL
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DISPLAY
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Rendering
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Modeling And Rendering
© Walt Disney and TSL
Wireframe Model
Skeletal Model
Muscle Model
© Walt Disney and TSL
Skin
Hair
Render and Touch up
Some History
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Whirlwind: early graphics using VectorScope (1951)
Spacewars: first computer graphics game (MIT 1961)
first CAD system (IBM 1959)
SketchPad: first interactive graphics (1961)
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Rajamangala Institute of Technology
Early texture-mapped image (Catmull 1974)
First bump-mapped images (Blinn 1978)
First ray traced image (Whitted 1980)
First distributed ray traced image (Cook 1984)
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Westworld (1973)
First production movie to feature computer graphics.
Used in various graphics displays within the Westworld center.
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Star Wars (1977)
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Tron (1980)
First time computer graphics were used for
live action sequences.
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Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, genesis effect (1983)
The Last Starfighter (15 minutes) (1982)
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Applications of Computer
Graphics
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Movies
Fully computer
generated animated
features
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Movies
Special Effects… in
Live Action Cinema
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Movies
“Traditional” Animated
Features…
Some examples:
• Automating Keyframing in
many Disney-type animations
• The flocking behaviour of
the wilderbeest in Lion King
•Non photorealistic
rendering: 3D effects in
Futurama
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Rajamangala Institute of Technology
Behind the scenes on Antz Production
Number of frames in the movie
119,592
Number of times the movie was rendered during production
15 (approx.)
Number of feet of approved animation produced in a week
107 ft.
Total number of hours of rendering per week
275,000 hrs.
Average size of the frame rendered
6 MB
Total number of Silicon Graphics servers used for rendering
270
Number of desktop systems used in production
166
Total Number of processors used for rendering
700
Average amount of memory per processor
256 MB
Time it would have taken to render this movie on 1 processor
54 yrs., 222 days, 15 mins., 36 secs.
Amount of storage required for the movie
3.2 TB
Amount of frames kept online at any given time
75000 frames
Time to re-film out final cut beginning to end
41.5 days (997 hrs.)
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CAVE: Immersive and
Interactive 3D
enironement
User Interfaces
B205 Control Console (1960)
3D Studio MAX
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Layout and Design
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Scientific Visualization and
Analysis
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Medicine and Virtual Surgery
The Visible Human project
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Room Layout Design and
Architectural Simulations
ART AND
DESIGN
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History and
cultutal heritage
CG Applications (1)
• Art, Entertainment, Publishing
– Movie Production, Animation and Special
Effects
– Computer Games
– Browsing the web
– Slide, Book and Magazine Design
– Multimedia
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Rajamangala Institute of Technology
CG Applications (2)
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Computer Graphics and Image Processing
Scientific Analysis and Visualization
Simulations
Computer Aided Design
– Electrical Circuit Design
– Architecture
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Rajamangala Institute of Technology
Related Disciplines
Data
Processing
Computer
Vision
DATA
Computer
Graphics
IMAGES
Image
Processing
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Interdisciplinary
• Science
– Physics: light, color, appearance, behaviour
– Mathematics: Curves and Surfaces, Geometry and
Perspective
• Engineering
– Hardware: graphics media and processors, input and
output devices
– Software: graphics libraries, window systems
• Art, Perception and Esthetics
– Color, Composition, Lighting, Realism
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Rajamangala Institute of Technology
Graphics and the Computer Engineer
• Knowledge of the Interdisciplinary
Background to Graphics Related Problems
• Ability to Implement Computer Solutions
based on interdisciplinary techniques in
computer systems
• Knowledge of existing hardware and
software frameworks for Computer
Graphics applications
• Optimization! Realism/Fidelity vs Speed
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Subtopics
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Modelling
2D Graphics
3D Graphics
Image Synthesis
– Ray-tracing, Radiosity
• Image Processing
• Animation
– Key Frame animation
– Physically Based Simulation
– Real-time Interactive Animation
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Course Outline (1)
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Computer Graphics: Problems and Applications
Graphics Display Hardware and Input Devices
Introduction to Colour Theory
Geometric Modelling
2D Co-ordinate Systems and Transformations
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Course Outline (2)
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3D Co-ordinate Systems and Transformations
Projection and Viewing
Hidden Surface Removal
Illumination and Shading
Animation and Interaction
Global Illumination
Current Issues in Computer Graphics
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Rajamangala Institute of Technology
Recommended Texts
• Computer Graphics – C Version - Hearn,
Baker
• Interactive Computer Graphics A Topdown approach with OpenGL – Edward
Angel
• OpenGL Programming Guide - M.
Woo, J. Neider, and T. Davis
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Rajamangala Institute of Technology