CIVIL WAR
April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865

The realities of war…
"There is a terrible war coming, and these young men who have never seen war cannot wait for it to happen, but I tell you, I wish that I owned every slave in the South, for I would free them all to avoid this war."
- Robert E. Lee, before The American Civil War
"You people of the South don't know what you are doing. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! You people speak so lightly of war; you don't know what you're talking about. War is a terrible thing!
You mistake, too, the people of the North. They are a peaceable people but an earnest people, and they will fight, too. They are not going to let this country be destroyed without a mighty effort to save it ...
- William T. Sherman

Strategies of War
Directions: What were the Union and Confederate initial strategies, the Anaconda Plan and King Cotton Diplomacy, to win the Civil War (research or 484 US)?

Quickwrite
Evaluate the Northern and Southern strategies during the Civil War? Which plan do you think would have been most likely to work?
Explain your choice.

Essential Question

THE EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION
The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves “within the rebellious states” are, and henceforward shall be free."
It applied only to states that had seceded from the Union and did not include the border states and portions of the
Confederacy under Union control.

AFRICAN-AMERICANS
IN THE CIVIL WAR
Union : 186,097 (7,122 officers, 178,975 enlisted/soldiers & sailors).
Confederacy : Slaves were used for manual labor.
The Confederate Congress, President, and War
Dept. authorized recruitment and to arm slaves in
March 1865.The war ended in April of the same year.
The first military Unit consisting of black soldier’s was the 54 th Massachusetts Regiment
Movie: Glory

54 th Massachusetts Regiment
Payment

54 th Massachusetts Regiment
What do you think is happening in this photo?
List words to describe the scene and reflect the scene of the image.
Preparing for battle Preparing for battle dw
Battle

54 th Massachusetts
Regiment
Mini-Project:
Demonstrate the legacy of the 54 th Massachusetts Regiment.
Design (select 1):
Memorial
Mural
Newspaper or magazine tribute
Obituary
Eulogy
Book poem demonstrates the experiences and legacy of the 54 th Massachusetts Regiment.
 Research the Regiments legacy, how their service paved the way for other
African-American soldiers, and how the 54 th impacts us today.

54 th Massachusetts Regiment

Essential Question

Pick up one research card (not your own).
Read and answer in your composition book.

Summarize significant turning points of the Civil
War – including the battles of Fort Sumter and
Gettysburg, the Emancipation Proclamation, the significance of the Gettysburg Address, and the surrender at Appomattox as well as the role of
African Americans in the war.

Remember…
South Carolina seceded from the Union.
After, the states of AL, FL, MS, GA, LA, and TX seceded (others after Fort Sumter)
These states formed their own government
– Confederate States of America
(Confederacy), which supported states’ rights and slavery.
Their president was Jefferson Davis .

Key Points
Fort Sumter – first battle of the Civil War (1861)
Monitor and Merrimack- ironclad battle (1862)
Conscription Act (draft )- 3 times during war “rich man’s war and the poor man’s fight”
Emancipation Proclamation – “end of slavery” (January 1863)
Antietam: bloodiest day in the Civil War
Gettysburg – important battle for the North; turning point towards victory (July 1863)
Gettysburg Address – inspired Union soldiers to keep fighting
(November 1863)
Appomattox Courthouse – South surrenders (Lee surrenders to Grant); end of the Civil War (1865)

Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln’s goal of the war was to abolish slavery in the United States.
He believed “slavery must die so that the nation might live.”
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln gave a statement that freed all slaves in the
Confederate states at war with the Union.

Emancipation Proclamation

Since Union officers were not in control of the
Confederacy, most
African-Americans were not released from slavery.

African-Americans in the War
African-Americans were allowed to join the
Union army. Even though they were paid less and had to buy their own uniforms, many joined the army because they supported Lincoln.
The first group of all black troops against the Confederacy was the 54 th Massachusetts
Regiment.

African-Americans in the War
Overall, 200,000 African-Americans fought for the Union and over 37,000 died.
Later, in June 1864 Congress passed a bill that stated black and white Union soldiers would receive equal pay
If captured while fighting, could return to slavery.
Slavery didn’t officially end until the 13 th
Amendment was passed…or did it? http://www.youtube.com/watch?fea
ture=player_embedded&v=5s8ccK epCms#!

Women in the Civil War
Served as spies
Worked in the factories
Served as nurses
Clara Barton: founder of the Red Cross

Gettysburg Address
About 4 months after the Battle of
Gettysburg, Lincoln gave a speech during a memorial service for the soldiers.

SOAPSTone
S peaker: President Abraham Lincoln
O ccasion: Eulogy after the Battle of
Gettysburg
A udience: Union citizens and soldiers
P urpose: to inspire; to dedicate themselves further to the unfinished work of those that have died.
S ubject: Battle of Gettysburg
T one: Serious; inspirational

Gettysburg Address
About 4 months after the Battle of
Gettysburg, Lincoln gave a speech during a memorial service for the soldiers.
The Gettysburg Address inspired Union soldiers to continue fighting for their country and the end of slavery.

Sherman’s March to Sea
Union GeneralWilliam T. Sherman took
Atlanta in September,1864.
Waged “Total War” on the South: a war not only against enemy troops, but against everything that supports the enemy.
Marched from Atlanta to Savannah,
Georgia, up through the Carolinas to
Virgina.

North Carolina in the Civil War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZe3m c9Ke60

Appomattox Courthouse
The South is outnumbered and divided by the Union
Where the surrender took place
General Robert E. Lee surrendered to
General Ulysses S. Grant on April 9,
1865
The war was over! The North won!

Lincoln’s Assassination
In January 1865, the 13 th Amendment was introduced and passed banning slavery in the United States
Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes
Booth on April 14, 1865 – he did not live to see the real end of slavery
Vice President Andrew Johnson is sworn in as President .

Costs and Consequences
Deadliest War in American history (estimated: 620,000 died and
540,000 wounded)
Federal debt rose to 2.7 billion; Confederate debt 700 million; high inflation.
End to slavery conflict.
North:
Nationalism on the rise in the North.
National government became more powerful.
Even more diverse and growing economy.
South:
Economic disaster: farms and plantations destroyed.
40% of livestock killed
50% machinery wrecked

Legacy of the War

The Reconstruction Era lasted from 1865-
1877
Now that the war is over we have to rebuild the Union…without Abraham Lincoln