2 Plans
• The North and the
“ANACONDA PLAN”
– Developed by General
Winfield Scott (Hero of the
Mexican War)
– Choke the Confederacy -Used
blockades to keep the South
from exporting cotton or
importing supplies
– Used troops and gunboats to
gain control of the
Mississippi River, thus cutting
the Confederacy in half
– Capture Richmond Virginia
– Lincoln ordered a naval
blockade of seceded states
• The South and the
“WAR OF ATTRITION”
– Prepare and wait
– Wear them down slowly
– Stopped producing
cotton so France and
Britain would jump in
on the side of the South
– Plan did not work –
France and Britain got
cotton from Egypt
Commanders
• Ulysses S. Grant, a West
Point graduate,
appointed General by
Lincoln
• William Sherman
• Robert E. Lee
commanded
Confederate Army
• Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson
• James Longstreet
• John B. Hood
1st Battle, Bull Run / Manassas (July,
1861)
• First Battle of Bull Run
(July, 1861)
• Union army unprepared
and poorly organized
• Confederate victory
Shiloh (April, 1862)
• Union victory
• North captured all but 2
ports on the Mississippi
• Port Hudson
• Vicksburg
Antietam (Sept. 1862)
• Union victory
• Bloodiest single day:
26,000 casualties
Chancellorsville (April 1863)
• Confederate victory
• Stonewall Jackson shot
in the arm
Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863)
• Lee sought to defeat
Union on Northern soil
• Battle lasted three days
• Union victory
• TURNING POINT OF THE
WAR
• Gettysburg Address
– Lincoln explained meaning
of Civil War
– Redefined meaning of the
United States
– Promised a “new birth” of
freedom
Vicksburg (April-July, 1863)
•
•
•
•
Grant attacked
Promoted a SEIGE
Surround enemy
Starve enemy until they
surrender
• Union victory
Atlanta (July-December, 1864)
• “March to the Sea” campaign
• Sherman laid siege to Atlanta
• When the Confederates
retreated, Sherman burned
Atlanta
• Sherman continued to
Savannah, destroying
• Bridges
• Factories
• Railroads
• Livestock
• Continued destruction into
South Carolina
Appomattox (April, 1865)
• Union victory
• Lee surrendered to
Grant at the
Appomattox courthouse
Other Issues
• Technology… weapons
made more deadly and
accurate
• Andersonville
– Notorious prison camp
in Georgia
– Built for 10,000 men
– Held 35,000 men on 26
acres
– 100+ men died each day
The Emancipation Proclamation
(January, 1863)
• Lincoln resisted making the abolition of slaves a
Union goal
• He opposed slavery, but did not think he had the
legal authority to end it
• Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to
end slavery and make southerners have to work
rather than fight
• The Emancipation Proclamation officially made
the abolition of slavery a Union goal (No longer
interested in just preserving Union)
• 13th Amendment
passed (December,
1865)
– Passed by Lincoln and
Congress
– Ended Slavery