Concept of Total War

 Demands
 North- manpower, industrial, merchant marine
 South- Defend, friendly population, knew land
leadership

 Lincoln
 Low experience-great politician, good judge of people
 Follow Anaconda plan
 Blockades and cut off like an anaconda
 Suspended writ of habeas corpus
 Suppress influence of confederacy
 Davis
 Educated-stubborn, total control
Emancipation
Proclamation

 Lincoln first year-states problem
 Crittenden Resolution- war fought to “defend and
maintain constitution (Jacksonian) and preserve
union”
 Revoked 5months later
 Confiscation act- slave confederates be free in union
hands
 2nd confiscation act- slaves of anyone would be freed
if in Federal custody
 Lincoln still pushed for gradual emancipation

 Why emancipate?
 Confident boarder states would stay
 Weaken confederate military
 Make it an issue of freedom
 Proclamation
 All slaves freed unless seceded states return by Jan. 1
1863
 Put in place excluded union slave states, those under
union control, TN
 Felt no right to apply to these not in rebellion
Reaction to
Emancipation

Proclamation
 Europe backs Union
 Redefined the war not to save the union but to create
a new nation
 Slavery disintegrated- challenge white authority
 Life was difficult for freedmen




Refugee
Contraband caps
Military employment
Plantation life returns for many
Confederate Home
Front

 New economy
 Prices increase
 Cotton decreases, grain and livestock
increase
 Biggest problem is food
 My mind on my money and my money
on my mind
 Taxation and impressment
 Inflation
 Conscription Law
 Davis
 Suspends writ of habeas corpus
 Martial Law
Union Home Front

 Economy
 Income taxes, tariffs, excise fees, bonds




Economy boomed but wages decreased
Corruption and fraud- take advantage of govt. contracts
Opportunities open for women
Lincoln




Suspension of writ of habeas corpus
Expanded power
Ex parte Milligan
Drafting- issue of substitutes and commutation fee
Both

 Morals decline- prostitution, drinking, gambling
 Rich man’s war poor man’s fight
Soldier
life
 Volunteers- rid slavery, fight, defend North or South
 Camp life

 Strict- routine
 Disease, lack of medical care
 Decline in morals/push for religious peace
 Change in battle- technology (musket to rifle)
 Effect of total war on human mind
Defeat of Confederacy





1863- confederate lose at Gettysburg and Vicksburg
Grant success at Anaconda Plan through Sherman
Sherman’s capture of Atlanta help Lincoln's re-election
Lincoln's Election 1864
 Clear fight would continue until reunion and abolition of
slavery
 13th amendment
 Davis tries to abolish slavery for recognition from G.B.
 South civilian moral dives
 Surrender at Appomattox April 4th 1865
Impact of war





Death toll
Southern wealth lost
Stimulated industrialism-creates national industries
Politically- increased federal government power
 Dems loose influence
 Jacksonian view of INDIVISIBLE Nation
 Spiritual cost
 Sectional bitterness
 Tolerance of corruption
 Decrease in morals- focus on science, order, materialism