The Urinary System
By: Jacob Miller & Bryce Schimon
Period 5
Main Functions
• Produces, stores and eliminates
Urine
• Regulates electrolyte balance
• Controls blood volume
• Maintains blood pressure
Essential Parts
•Kidneys
•Ureters
•Bladder
•Urethra
Functions of Essential Parts
• Kidneys- helps maintain homeostasis
• Ureters- runs parallel to vertebral column,
carries urine from kidneys to bladder
• Bladder- it lies within the pelvic cavity, behind
the symphysis pubis and beneath the parietal
peritoneum. It stores urine and forces it into the
urethra
• Urethra – lies between bladder to the outside of
the body - conveys urine from the urinary
bladder to the outside
Structure of Urinary System
• The Urinary system may also be called the Renal
System because this group of inter-connected
body parts contains many tissues and organs
• The Urinary system contains two narrow tubes
that transfer urine from the kidneys to the
bladder which are called Ureters
• The structure of the urinary system also includes
collecting ducts, convoluted tubules and blood
vessels
The Kidneys Role
• The kidneys are a bean shaped organ with a smooth
surface and lie on either side of the vertebral column in a
depression high on the posterior wall of the abdominal
cavity
• The Renal Sinus is a hollow chamber that allows the
passing of blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and
the ureter
• The Kidneys role is to maintain homeostasis by regulating
the composition ,volume and pH of the extracellular
fluid.
• They do this by removing metabolic waste from the
blood and diluting them with water and electrolytes to
form urine
Pathway of Blood to Kidneys
• Renal Arteries supply blood to the kidneys
• Renal artery enters a kidney through the hilum
and gives off several branches called interlobar
arteries
• The interlobar arteries branch, forming a series
of incomplete arches called arcuate arteries
which then give rise to interlobar arteries
• Final braches lead to nephrons
• Finally the renal vein then joins the inferior vena
cava as it courses through the abdominal cavity.
Nephrons
• Nephrons consists of renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
• Nephrons main function is to regulate the concentration
of water and soluble substances
• Fluid flows through renal tubules on its way out the body
• Renal Corpuscle – is composed of a tangled cluster of
blood capillaries called glomerulus which is the 1st step
in urine formation.
• Glomerular capillaries filter fluid
• Glomerular Capsule- is a thin walled, saclike structure
that surrounds glomerulus . It receives the fluid that the
glomerulus filters
Urine Formation
• Formation begins with filtration of plasma by glomerular
capillaries, this is called glomerular filtration
• Most of the fluid is reabsorbed into the blood stream
• One capillary bed filters, the filtered fluid then moves
into the renal tubule where majority of it becomes urine
• Tubular Reabsorption moves substances from tubular
fluid back into the blood
• Tubular secretion moves substances from the blood
within peritubular capillary into the renal tube
• Kidney chooses what substances to keep
• Extra fluid being eliminated is urine
Composition of Urine
• Composition of urine is different for
everyone and based off of how much
water they drink
• Urine is about 95% water
• Contains urea and uric acid
• May contain amino acids and a
variety of electrolytes
Urea vs. Uric Acid
•Urea
• Urea is a by-product of amino acid catabolism
• Urea enters the renal tubule by filtration
• Uric Acid
• Product of the metabolism of certain organic bases
of nucleic acids
• Active transports reabsorbs all the uric acid present
in the glomerular but a small amount is secreted
into the renal tubule and excreted in urine
Process of Urine Elimination
• Urine forms in the nephrons
• Passes from collecting ducts through openings in
the renal papillae and enters calyces of the
kidney
• It passes through the renal pelvis and a ureter
conveys it to the urinary bladder
• The urethra excretes urine to the outside
Diseases
• Kidney Disease
• Urinary Tract Infection
• Interstitial Cystitis
• Kidney Stones
• Bladder Cancer
Work Cited
• Zimmermann, By. "Urinary System: Facts, Functions & Diseases." LiveScience.
TechMedia Network, 15 Jan. 2015. Web. 17 Apr. 2015.
• "Urinary System." InnerBody. Web. 17 Apr. 2015.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system
• http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/ab/m2/s3/
• https://www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-andphysiology-textbook/the-urinary-system-25/physiology-of-the-kidneys240/overview-of-urine-formation-steps-1171-2197/
• http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/kidney
• http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/
• http://www.google.com/search?safe=active&biw=1366&bih=674&noj=1&tbm=
isch&sa=1&q=kidney+&oq=kidney+&gs_l=img.12
• http://www.google.com/search?safe=active&biw=1366&bih=674&noj=1&tbm=isch&sa=
1&q=bladder&oq=bladd&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.1127.3374.0.5066.6.6.0.0.0.0.144.720.0j6.6.0
.msedr...0...1c.1.64.img..0.6.713.Q_hgzelqhH8#imgrc=ADFh4j4uuvfkCM
The End