BELLWORK
1. How were Queen Liliuokalani's views towards the U.S.
different than the monarchs before her? How did the U.S.
respond to this political change?
2. How were the views of President Cleveland different than
President McKinley regarding the annexation of Hawaii?
3. List three things the Constitution of 1894 declared.
4. How did wartime pressures finally lead to the annexation of
Hawaii?
5. THINKER: Was the situation in Hawaii similar to America’s
independence from England? Or had times changed? Was
imperialism more acceptable at the time? Explain!
FUN FACTS!
• In the 1960s, astronauts trained for
moon voyages by walking on Mauna
Loa’s hardened lava fields, which
resemble the surface of the moon
• The eight horizontal stripes on
Hawaii’s flag represent each of the
state’s main islands. In the upper-left
corner of the flag is a small version
of Britain’s flag which honors British
captain George Vancouver, who
gave Hawaii its first flag in 1794
• Ancient Hawaiians believed that the
heavier a woman, especially a
chieftess, the more beautiful she was
Queen Liliuokalani
• Took over in 1891
• Restore the
monarchy!!!
• Power to
Hawaiians……
NOT Americans!
John Stevens
• Diplomatic
Representative in
Honolulu
• Asked U.S. Navy to
“protect the life and
property of
American citizens”
living in Hawaii
• Led to a revolt!
REVOLT!!! January 16, 1893
• Marines stormed the city and surrounded the royal
palace
• U.S. recognized the provisional government that the
revolutionaries formed.
• Revolutionaries appointed Sanford Dole as head
• At this point, there were serious divisions:
– Hawaiians supported Queen Liliuokalani and followed the
monarchy
– Americans supported the Provisional government and
claimed it had authority over everything
Hawaiian counter-revolt
SURRENDER!!! January 17, 1893
• Queen Liliuokalani:
“I yield to the
superior force of the
United States of
America”
The Ionlani Palace in Honolulu, formerly
the residence of the Hawaiian monarch,
but became the capitol of the Republic of
Hawaii
Sanford Dole
• Dole even
threatened Queen
Liliuokalani with
U.S. Naval force, if
she did not comply
Queen Liliuokalani’s arrest
• 200 rebels were tried for treason
• Provisional government found the Queen guilty. Originally
sentenced to:
– Five years of hard labor
– $5,000
– Sentence was eventually decreased to imprisonment in a
bedroom of the palace
• While imprisoned, she wrote many famous songs (including the
Queen’s Prayer) and wrote her memoir.
• Following her release, she served a year of house arrest before
traveling to the U.S. to plead against annexation.
• She even attended President McKinley’s inauguration!
Harrison vs. Cleveland vs. McKinley
• How did these presidents differ on their
views of Hawaiian annexation?
President McKinley
• “We need
Hawaii just as
much and a
good deal
more than we
did California,
it is Manifest
Destiny.”
Discussion
• With regards to Hawaii’s
annexation, evaluate the
pro and anti imperialist
arguments.
• How did the SpanishAmerican War affect the
annexation of Hawaii?
Admission Day Ceremony; June 14, 1900
The flag of the Kingdom of Hawaii over Iolani Palace is
lowered to raise the United States flag to signify annexation
Discussion
VS.
Notice any similarities?!?!?
VS.
• Senator Stephen White of
California was an extreme antiimperialist and led the filibuster
over the annexation of Hawaii.
• He asked whether Americans
forgot their own anti-colonial war
for independence. What do you
think he means by this?
• Was the situation in Hawaii
similar to America’s
independence from England? Or
had times changed? Was
imperialism more acceptable at
the time?
FUN FACTS!
• The oldest Catholic Cathedral in the United States is the Cathedral of Our
Lady of Peace in Honolulu, built in 1843
• Everyone is a minority in Hawaii—there are no ethnic majorities. Haoles or
Caucasians, constitute about 33% of the population, Japanese about 33%,
Filipino-Americans about 16%, and Chinese-Americans about 5%. Most of
the population has mixed ethnicities
Venezuelan Crisis of 1895
• Just after the U.S. officially annexed Hawaii, they
were going to get involved in another region of the
Americas…… VENEZUELA!!
• This crisis revolved around the long standing dispute
with England over the territory of Guyana
Essequibo, which Britain claimed as part of British
Guiana and Venezuela saw as Venezuelan territory.
• Not only will the U.S. demonstrate imperialistic
powers, but they also reinstate the power of the
Monroe Doctrine!
Claims in 1810
Map of Guyana,
showing the
Essequibo River
and the river's
drainage basin
(shaded dark).
Venezuela claims
territory up to the
western bank of
the river. The
historical claim by
the UK included
the river basin
well into modern
day Venezuela
This territory was disputed
for over half a century, but
it never called for conflict
until…………
GOLD WAS
DISCOVERED!!!
Britain argued
their boundary
was the
Orinoco River
based on
Schomburgk
Line
U.S. was also concerned over
British ships stationed in
Nicaraguan ports
Should the US intervene?
US Secretary of State Olney
British Colonel Chamberlain
• “Today the United States is
• “The government of the United
practically sovereign on this
States is not entitled to affirm as a
universal proposition, with
continent, and its fiat is law upon
reference to a number of
the subjects which it confines its
independent States for whose
interposition. . . The vital
conduct it assumes no
interests of the United States
responsibility, that its interest are
are involved, and the United
necessarily concerned in whatever
States must intervene.”
may befall those states, simply
• From Olney’s document, which
because they are situated in the
Western Hemisphere.”
became known as “Olney’s 20
inch gun”
• In his reply to Olney’s doc.
Venezuelan Crisis of 1895
• To learn more about this conflict, you are
going to read the handout and
highlight/take notes on important points.
• Be ready to discuss on Wednesday!
BELLWORK 11/25
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Explain the main cause of the Venezuelan Crisis.
How did the U.S. use the Monroe Doctrine during
the crisis? How did England respond to its use?
What did the US House of Reps Resolution 252
Rule?
Who (or which countries) made up the arbitration
Tribunal? Who was missing? Why?
What was the outcome of the Venezuelan Crisis?
THINKER: In your opinion, why were
Venezuelans and reps from British Guiana left
out of arbitration? Would the outcome have been
different if they were allowed to participate?
•
Which theory(ies)
of expansion
relate to America’s
involvement in
Venezuela? How
could the U.S.
government use
these theories to
justify
involvement in the
crisis? Explain!
Puck Magazine; 1901
School Begins. Uncle Sam (to his new class in Civilization). Now, children, you've got to learn
these lessons whether you want to or not! But just take a look at the class ahead of you, and
remember that, in a little while, you will feel as glad to be here as they are!
Introduction to the Spanish-American War
The final steps towards America becoming a global power