SpringBoard: Unit 2 Academic
Vocabulary Cornell Way Notes
Essential Question: How will these words
help me understand how external factors
affect one’s sense of identity, and how will
these words help me with information and
arguments?
Juxtaposition
• The arrangement of normally unassociated
ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one
another, creating an effect of surprise and wit.
• Also a form of contrast which writers call
attention to
• Examples:
▫ He was slouched alertly.
▫ “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice
everywhere.” Martin Luther King
Cultural Conflict
• A struggle that occurs when people with
different cultural expectations or attitudes
interact.
• Examples
▫ Share examples from your essay with a partner!
Persona
• The voice assumed by a writer to express ideas
or beliefs that may not be his or her own.
• The author’s “second self.”
• Like a mask that the author wears.
• Example: Persona Activity
• What did you learn about persona through this
activity?
Synthesis Essay
• The act of combining ideas from different
sources to create, express, or support a new idea.
Structure of an Argument
• Argument- a form of writing that presents a
particular opinion or idea and supports it with
evidence.
• Hook – an interesting quotation, anecdote, or
example at the beginning of a piece of writing
that grabs the readers’ attention.
• Claim-a position statement (or thesis) that
states your belief and what you wish to argue.
Structure of an Argument continued…
• Support- the reasoning behind your argument;
you provide evidence behind your claim.
• Concession- occurs when you recognize the
arguments made by the other side.
• Refutation- following the concession, the
refutation argues against the opposing viewpoint
by proving that your side has more validity.
• Call to action- draws your argument to a
close, restates your claim, and makes a final
appeal to values.
Satire
• A manner of writing that mixes critical attitude
with wit and humor in an effort to improve
mankind and human institutions.
• Example:
http://tinyurl.com/6guf9t3
http://tinyurl.com/3shzycx
What things were funny or amusing? Explain.
Theatrical Elements
• Elements employed by dramatists and directors
to tell a story on stage.
• Includes:
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Costumes: clothing worn by characters
Makeup: cosmetics used to amplify characteristics
Props: objects to help set the scene (realistic)
Set: place where it takes place
Acting choices: gestures, movements, staging,
vocals, etc.
Allusion
• A reference to a well-known person, event, or
place from history, music, art, or another literary
work.
• Examples:
▫ "I was not born in a manger. I was actually born on
Krypton and sent here by my father, Jor-el, to save
the Planet Earth.” Sen. Barack Obama
▫ The girl's love of sweets was her Achilles heel.
Irony
• Verbal
▫ Sarcasm-Opposite of what is said is meant.
▫ You walk into a door. Your friend says good going.
• Situational
▫ When the opposite occurs of what you expect.
▫ Fire truck on fire.
• Dramatic Irony
▫ When the audience knows something that a character
does not know.
▫ Romeo kills himself not knowing that Juliet is alive.
Hyperbole
• An extreme exaggeration.
• Examples:
▫ My dog is so ugly he only has cat friends.
▫ My teacher is so old she taught cave men how to
start fires.
▫ I think about you a million times a day! <3 <3 <3
Understatement
• A figure of speech in which a writer or a speaker
deliberately makes a situation seem less important
or serious than it is.
• Examples:
▫ “Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly
believe how much it altered her physical appearance.”
– A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens
▫ “It isn’t very serious. I have this tiny tumor in my
brain.” – The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger
▫ When the Detroit Tigers lost the game to the Texas
Rangers, 15-5, the manager told the reporter, “It
wasn’t our best effort.”
Summary & Reflection
• Now, answer the essential question in two
sentences.
• Then, summarize the main points into three
sentences.