Anatomy and Physiology Honors Unit 1: 1
Prefixes and Suffixes for Anatomy
1. Append – to hang
2. Cardi- heart
3. Cran- helmet
4. Dors- back
5. Homeo- same
6. -logy study of
7. Meta- change
8. Pariet- wall
9. Pelv- basin
10. Peri- around
11. Pleur- rib
12. -stasis standing still
13. -tomy cutting
Organ Systems
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Body Covering
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Integumentary System: skin and accessory organs
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Hair, nails, sweat glands…
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Support and movement
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Skeletal systems: bone, ligament, cartilage
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Muscular system: muscles, tendons
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Integration and Coordination
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Nervous System: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs
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Endocrine System:
Includes all glands that secrete chemical messengers, hormones.
Anatomy and Physiology Honors Unit 1: 2
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Processing and Transport
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Digestive System: mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gall
bladder, pancreas, sm. int., lg. int.
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Respiratory System: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs.
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Circulatory System: heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood
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Lymphatic System: lymphatic vessels, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
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Urinary System: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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Reproduction
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Reproductive System: all organs associated with the production of new life
Body Cavities
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Contain the visceral organs
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Axial portion
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Head
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Neck
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Trunk
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Appendicular portion
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Arms
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Legs
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Axial cavity divided:
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Dorsal c.
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Cranial: skull, brain
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Spinal: spinal cord
Ventral c.
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Thoracic: above the diaphragm
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Abdominopelvic: below diaphragm to floor of pelvis
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Abdominopelvic
Anatomy and Physiology Honors Unit 1: 3
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Abdominal: stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, small intestine, and most of the large
intestine
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Pelvic: end of large intestine, urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs.
Smaller cavities within the head
1. Oral: teeth, tongue
2. Nasal: paranasal sinuses, right and left divided by the septum
3. Middle ear: middle ear bones
4. Orbital: eyes, associated skeletal muscles and nerves
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Membranes
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Pleural membranes: associated with the lung
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Parietal pleura: line the lung compartments
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Visceral pleura: membrane covering the lung
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Pleural cavity: space between the pleura
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Serous fluid: substance within the pleural cavity
Mediastinum: portion of thoracic cavity separating the heart, esophagus, trachea, and thymus
from the lungs.
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Pericardial membranes:
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Visceral pericardium: membranes surrounding the heart
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Parietal pericardium: second layer, more fibrous
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Pericardial cavity: space between
Abdominal cavity: peritoneal membranes
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Parietal peritoneum: lines the walls of the cavity
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Visceral peritoneum: covers the internal organs
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Peritoneal cavity: space between
The Anatomical Position
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Standing erect, face forward, arms at sides, palms forward.
Anatomy and Physiology Honors Unit 1: 4
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Directional Terms
1. Superior: body part is above another, closer to the head
2. Inferior: below, closer to the feet
3. Anterior: (ventral) toward the front
4. Posterior: (dorsal) toward the back
5. Medial: relates to an imaginary line dividing the body equally into right and left halves.
6. Lateral: toward the side with respect to the midline.
7. Proximal: closer to the point of attachment, the trunk
8. Distal: farther from the point of attachment, the trunk
9. Superficial: situated near the surface.
10. Deep: situated more internally
11. Peripheral: outward
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Body Sections
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As described for sectional study
1. Sagittal: a lengthwise cut, divides the body into right and left portions.
2. Transverse: a cross cut dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.
3. Frontal: refers to a section that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.
4. Cylindrical
1. Cross section: across the organs
2. Oblique section: angular cut through
3. Longitudinal section: lengthwise through