Reaction of Hydrocarbons
Addition Reactions
A common type of reaction is an
_______________
addition reaction of alkenes and alkynes
Not alkanes
double and ______
triple
Where there are _______
bonds, the molecule does not contain the
hydrogen
maximum number of __________
and is
____________
unsaturated
Addition Reactions
double
Molecules are added across the ________
triple bond
or ______
Addition Reactions
Addition Reactions
Addition Reactions
Minor
Major
Which product do we get?
Markovnikov’s Rule
When adding a binary acid (like HCl) to an
asymmetric alkene, the hydrogen goes to
the carbon with more __________
hydrogens
The rich get richer
___________________
Combustion Reactions
Another common reaction is combustion
If there is sufficient oxygen, then we have
_________
complete combustion
1 C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(g)
Balancing Complete Combustion
Example
Write and balance the equation for the
complete combustion of acetylene
(ethyne).
Formula for ethyne is:C2H2
Reacts with oxygen gas: O2
Products are carbon dioxide and water: CO2 H2O
Balance!
2 C2H2(g) + 5 O2 (g)  4 CO2 (g) + 2 H2O (g)
Combustion Reactions
If there is insufficient oxygen, then we
incomplete combustion
have ___________
Instead of only carbon dioxide and water as
products, we also form carbon
_______________
monoxide
Carbon (soot)
and _______________
Hydrocarbon(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) + CO(g) + C(s)
Incomplete Combustion Reactions
Incomplete combustion occurs when there
is not enough oxygen present to fully burn
up the hydrocarbon.
The yellow flame of a candle indicates
incomplete combustion because it is
releasing carbon, which emits light energy
in the yellow range of the visible spectrum.
An incomplete combustion reaction can
produce other compounds, often toxic.
2 C3H8 (g) + 7 O2 (g)  2 C(s) + 2 CO(g) + 2 CO2 (g) + 8 H2O (g)
Balancing Incomplete Reactions
Example
2,2,4-trimethylpentane is a major component of
gasoline. Write a possible equation for the
incomplete combustion reaction.
Formula for 2,2,4-tmp is: C8H18
Mixes with oxygen gas: O2
Products are carbon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and
water: C, CO, CO2, H2O
Balance!
2 C8H18 (g) + 15 O2 (g)  8 C(s) + 4 CO(g) + 4 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(l)