Chapter 12
Respiratory System
In this chapter you will
Name the organs of the respiratory system
and describe their location and function.
Recognize medical terms that pertain to
respiration.
Apply your new knowledge to
understanding medical terms in their
proper context.
Organs of the Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity
Nose
Laryngopharynx
Larynx
Mediastinum
Parietal pleura
Visceral pleura
Lung
Paranasal Sinuses
Nasopharynx
Pharyngeal tonsils
Oropharynx
Palatine tonsils
Epiglottis
Esophagus
Trachea
Bronchial tubes
Bronchioles
Diaphragm
Organs of the Respiratory
System
Bronchioles
Erythrocytes
Capillary
Alveoli
Inhalation and Expiration
Respiratory
Flow Chart
Chapter 12
Respiratory System
Terminology
p. 464
adenoidectomy
adenoid/o:
adenoids
-ectomy
Surgical removal of the adenoids
– Adenoids: nasopharyngeal tonsils
adenoid hypertrophy
aden/o
-oid
hyper-
-trophy
Excessive development (enlargement) of
the adenoids
Alveolar
alveol/o: alveolus, air sac
-ar
Pertaining to an alveolus
– Small, sac like, gas exchanging area of the
lung
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTMYSGXh
J4E
Bronchospasm
bronch/o: bronchial tube, bronchus
-spasm: sudden contraction of muscles
Sudden contraction of muscles in the
bronchial tube
– Seen most commonly in asthma
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lV1XgDL1E-c
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EdQVTSzUihU&NR=1
bronchiectasis
bronchi/o: bronchial tube, bronchus
-ectasis: stretching, dilation, expansion
Dilation of bronchial tubes
– Caused by weakening of the bronchial walls
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5VrLBglXj
Q
bronchodilator
bronch/o
-dilation: widening, stretching, expanding
-or: one who
One who widens the bronchial tube
– Medication
bronchiolitis
bronchiol/o: bronchiole, small bronchus
-itis: inflammation
Inflammation of bronchioles
– Viral infection
– RSV: respiratory syncytial virus
hypercapnia
Hyper:
Excessive
capn/o:
carbon dioxide
-ia:
condition of
Condition of excessive carbon dioxide (in
the blood) PaC02
pneumoconiosis
pneum/o:
lung, air
coni/o:
dust
-osis
Abnormal condition of
dust in the lungs
– Asbestosis
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vMrme
wfBsc
cyanosis
cyan/o:
Blue
-osis:
Abnormal Condition
Abnormal condition of blue
– Caused by hypoxemia
epiglottitis
epiglott/o:
epiglottis
-itis:
inflammation
Inflammation of the epiglottis
– Haemophilus influenzae Type B
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eC0VD795i
ag
laryngeal
laryng/o:
larynx (voice box)
-eal
pertaining to
Pertaining to the larynx
Laryngitis
– Occurs with a cold
– Chronic condition in smokers
laryngospasm
laryng/o:
larynx
-spasm:
Sudden contraction of the muscles of the
larynx
laryngitis
laryng/o
larynx
-itis;
inflammation
Inflammation of the voice box
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDnfdtFlK18
lobectomy
lob/o:
lobe of the lung
-ectomy:
surgical removal
Surgical removal of a lobe (of the lung)
mediastinoscopy
mediastin/o: mediastinum
-scopy
Visual examination of the mediastinum
paranasal sinuses
para-: near; beside; abnormal; apart from; along
side of
nas/o: nose
-al
Sinuses: air filled cavities
Pertaining to air filled cavities near the nose
nasogastric intubation
nas/o
gastr/o
-ic
intube
-ation
Process of inserting tube through the a
nose into the stomach (NG Tube)
orthopnea
orth/o:
straight, upright
-pnea
breathing
Upright breathing
– Breathing discomfort in any position but sitting
up
hypoxia
hypoox/o
-ia
Condition of deficient oxygen
– In the tissues
expectoration
ex-:
out, away from
pector/o:
chest
-ation:
process of
Process of away from chest
– Expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm)
pharyngeal
pharyng/o:
pharynx
-eal
pertaining to
Pertaining to the throat
dysphonia
dys-
bad,painful, difficult
phon/o:
voice
-ia
condition of
Condition of difficult (abnormal) voice
– Hoarseness or any voice impairment
phrenic nerve
phren/o:
diaphragm
-ic
pertaining to
Nerve
nerve
Nerve pertaining to the diaphragm
pleurodynia
pleur/o:
pleura
-dynia:
pain
Pain of the pleura
– Associated with inflammation of intercostal
muscles
pleural effusion
pleur/o
pleural
-al
pertaining to
-fusion:
to pour
To pour fluid into the pleural cavity
– Fluid collects in the pleural space
pneumothorax
pneum/o
air
-thorax
chest
Air in the pleural space
pneumonectomy
pneumon/o
lung
-ectomy
surgical removal
Removal of a lung
pulmonary
pulmon/o:
lung
-ary
pertaining to
Pertaining to lungs
rhinorrhea
rhin/o:
nose
-rrhea:
flow, discharge
Discharge from the nose
– Runny nose
rhinoplasty
rhin/o
nose
-plasty
surgical repair
Surgical repair of the nose
– Nose job
sinusitis
sinus/o:
sinus, cavity
-itis
inflammation
Inflammation of sinuses
spirometer
spir/o:
breathing
-meter
instrument to measure
Instrument to measure breathing
expiration
ex-
out
spir/o
breathing
-ation
process of
Process of breathing out
– Note that the S is omitted
respiration
re-
again
spir/o
breathing
-ation
process of
Process of breathing again
– Breathing (inspiration and expiration)
atelectasis
a- without
tel/o: complete
-ectasis: stretching,
dilation, expansion
Without complete
expansion of a lung
– collapsed lung
thoracotomy
thorac/o:
chest
-tomy:
incision
Incision of the chest
thoracic
thorac/o
chest
-ic
pertaining to
Pertaining to the chest
tonsillectomy
tonsill/o:
tonsils
-ectomy:
surgical removal
Removal of tonsils
– The nasopharyngeal tonsils are removed
tracheotomy
trache/o
trachea
-tomy
incision
Incision of the trachea
tracheal stenosis
trache/o
trachea
-al-
pertaining to
stenosis:
tightening; stricture
Pertaining to tightening (narrowing) of the
trachea
Suffixes – Page 468
empyema
em-
in
py/o
pus
-ema:
condition
Condition of pus in (the chest)
– A collection of pus
– Most commonly occurs in the pleural cavity as
pyothorax
anosmia
an-osmia: smell
Without smell
apnea
a-
without
-pnea
breathing
Without breathing
dyspnea
dys-
bad, difficult
-pnea
breathing
Difficult breathing
hyperpnea
hyper-
increased, excessive
-pnea
breathing
Increased breathing
– Increase in depth of breathing
– What is the term for increased rate of
breathing?
tachypnea
tachy-
fast
-pnea
breathing
Fast breathing
hemoptysis
hem/o
blood
-ptysis:
spitting
Spitting up blood
asphyxia
a-
without
-sphyxia:
pulse
Without pulse
hemothorax
hem/o
blood
-thorax:
chest, pleural cavity
Blood in the pleural cavity
pyothorax
py/o
-thorax
Pus in the chest
– empyema of the chest
Diagnostic and Pathologic Terms –
page 469
auscultation
percussion
pleural rub
rale (crackle)
rhonchus
sputum
stridor
wheeze
Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders
page 470
Croup
Diptheria
Epistaxis
Pertussis
Croup-p. 470
Acute respiratory syndrome in children
and infants
Characterized by:
– Obstruction of the larynx
– Barking cough
– stridor
Diptheria
bacterial infection usually affecting the
mucous membranes of your nose and
throat. Diphtheria typically causes a sore
throat, fever, swollen glands and
weakness. But the hallmark sign is a sheet
of thick, gray material covering the back of
your throat. This material can block your
windpipe so that you have to struggle for
breath.
Epistaxis
Nose bleed
Pertussis
Whooping Cough; highly contagious
bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx,
and trachea.
DTaP and Tdap Vaccines
Bronchial Disorders – page 470471
Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis
Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands
resulting in thick mucous secretions in the
respiratory tract.
Gene carrying the disease in known and
persons carrying the gene may be
identified.
Lung Disorders – page 471-475
Atlectasis
Emphysema
Lung cancer
Pneumoconiosis
Pneumonia
Pulmonary abcess
Pulmonary edema
Emphysema
Hyperinflation of the air sacs with
destruction of alveolar walls
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aktIMB
QSXMo
Pneumonia
Acute inflammation and infection of the
alveoli which fill with pus or products of the
inflammatory reaction
Lung Disorders
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Sarcoidosis – chronic inflammation
Tuberculosis (TB)
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pleural Disorders – page 475
Mesothelioma – rare malignant tumor in
pleura
Pleural Effusion
Pleurisy (pleuritis)
Pneumothorax
Mesothelioma
Pleural Effusion
Clinical Procedures – p 476-481
Chest x-ray
Ventilation/Perfusion Scan (V/Q)
Bronchoscopy
Endotracheal Intubation
PFTs
Thoracentesis
Clinical Procedures
Thoracotomy
Thoracoscopy
Tracheostomy
Tuberculin test (PPD)
Tube Thoracostomy (Chest tube)
QUICK QUIZ:
1. What is the tip or
uppermost portion of the
lung?
A.base
B.lobe
C.apex
D.nares
Chest tube
Abbreviations p. 482
COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary
Disease
CXR: Chest X-Ray
PFT: Pulmonary Function Test
TB: Tuberculosis
OSA: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
DOE: Dyspnea on Exertion
URI: Upper Respiratory Infection