Respiratory System, part 2
Notesheet
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)
1. ___________________ – allergic disorder caused by swelling and ___________________________ of the
airways, production of mucus, and tightening of muscles that surround airways.
Symptoms - cough, breathing difficulty, _________________________
Treatment – bronchodilators (albuterol, xopenex)
2. Emphysema – progressive loss of lung function due to damage to _______________________
Symptoms – rapid, ____________________, difficult respirations
__________________ Respiratory Disorders
1. Croup – acute illness in infants and children
Symptoms – hoarseness, ____________________ cough, obstruction of larynx
2. Epistaxis – medical name for __________________. Causes – trauma, blood thinners, bleeding disorders
3. Influenza – also called the “flu”, ________________________viral illness
Causes – spread by ______________________ (coughing or sneezing)
4. Pertussis – medical name for whooping cough, contagious _______________________ infection
Symptoms – spasm like coughing fits
Treatment – _____________________________
Prevention – current DPT immunization
5. _____________________________ – (rhin/o = nose + -rrhea = discharge), - medical name for runny nose
Pharynx & Larynx Disorders
1. Pharyngitis – also known as a sore ___________________ (pharyng/o + -itis)
2. _____________________________ – (laryng/o + -itis) causes voice loss from the inflammation
Trachea & Bronchial Disorders
1. Bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchial walls, usually caused by infection but can be caused by
____________________________
______________________ Cavity Disorders
1. Pleurisy – inflammation of the ________________________ of the lung
2. Hemothorax – (hem/o + thorax) - accumulation of ____________________ in the pleural cavity, commonly
due to trauma or surgery. Treatment – chest tube
3. Pneumothorax (pneum/o + -thorax) - accumulation of __________ in the pleural space causing the lung to
collapse. Treatment – chest tube
Lung Disorders
1. _________________________ – inflammation of the lung where the lungs fill with pus and other fluids
Causes – bacteria, viral, fungus, chemical irritants, aspiration of foreign substances
2. Cystic Fibrosis (_______) – genetic disorder where lungs are clogged with abnormally __________ mucus
Treatment – antibiotics, postural drainage
Breathing Disorders
1. ______________________________ (tachy- + -pnea) - more than 20 breaths per minute
2. Apnea – ________________________ of breathing
3. Dyspnea (dys/ + -pnea) – _________________________ or painful breathing
4. Hyperventilation – abnormally ___________________, deep breathing
Lack of Oxygen
1. Airway obstruction – food or foreign object _________________________ the airway and prevents air from
entering or leaving the lungs.
Treatment – Heimlich maneuver
2. _________________________ (cyan- + -osis) – bluish color of skin caused by lack of oxygen
3. Respiratory Failure – level of oxygen in blood is dangerously __________ or the carbon dioxide is
dangerously __________________
____________________________ Procedures
1. Respiratory Rate (RR) – counted number of respirations per minute; part of the vital signs; normal is
_______ to ________ /min for adults
2. Pulmonary function tests – _______________________ of tests that measure lung capacity
3. Chest __________________ – useful to show pneumonia, tumors, TB, pneumothorax
Treatments/Procedures of Respiratory System
1. Septoplasty (sept/o + -plasty) – _______________________________ of the nasal septum
2. Laryngectomy (laryng/o + -ectomy) surgical ______________________ of the larynx
3. ________________________ intubation – passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea,
used to assist breathing
4. Tracheostomy (trache/o + -ostomy) surgical creation of a _______ ___________________ in the trachea
5. Lobectomy – surgical _____________________ of a lobe of the lung
6. _____________________________ (thorac/o + -otomy) - surgical incision of the thorax
Respiratory Therapy
1. Supplemental oxygen – used to provide _______________ oxygen to the patient; nasal cannula or mask
may be used
2. Ventilator – mechanical device used to supplement or ______________________ the patients breathing
function (while in surgery, with spine injury, etc…)
Career Opportunities
1. Respiratory ______________________ (RT) – provides oxygen, gases or medications under a Drs. order
2. Respiratory Therapy ____________________________ – works under the supervision of the RT