Name: _________________________________________________________
Period: ________ NOTES
Human Body Packet #3: The Digestive System and Excretory System
Function of the Digestive System:
What are nutrients?
4 nutrients the body needs:
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What is digestion?
What is the digestive tract?
Mechanical vs. Chemical
Digestion
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Parts of the digestive system:
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Reduce ____________ and complex __________ into substances the _______ can use.
Important substances that enable the body to move, grow, and maintain homeostasis
Water – necessary for all ____________ things. More than __________ of the body is
made of water.
Proteins – material the body uses for ____________ and repair. _______________,
bones, and ___________ built of proteins
Carbohydrates – provide cells with _______________. Made of cellulose, which helps
move materials through ___________________ system.
Fat – stores _____________
Process of breaking down ____________ into _____________ materials
_____________ travels through your body
Includes the ______________, throat (pharynx) esophagus, _____________, small
intestine, & large _________________, rectum, & anus
Mechanical Digestion:
o Breaks food into ______________ pieces
o Your teeth _____________ your food
o Your stomach breaks down food mechanically by ______________ and pounding
Chemical Digestion:
o Changes food into different _______________
o ____________ in mouth changes starch into ________________
o ____________ in stomach break down ______________
Mouth
o Both _______________________ and chemical _______________ begin in mouth
o _______________ break food down into smaller pieces
o Tongue and lips position food for _________________
o _________________ glands soften food and begin _________________ digestion
Esophagus
o Tube from throat to ________________
o Peristalsis - Wave-like contractions of _______________ muscles in the organs of
the digestive tract. Moves _____________ through the digestive system
Stomach
o Mechanical Digestion: Strong ________________ mix and mash food
o Chemical Digestion: Stomach ____________ break down food chemically
o Stomach lining is replaced every ________________ days
Small intestine
o Chemicals released by pancreas, liver, and gall bladder break down _______ here
o Most of the nutrients are _____________ here
Large intestine
o ____________ and some other nutrients are _______________ here.
o Most of the ____________ material left is ____________ material – it is
compacted and stored until it is eliminated through the _____________
Food does not pass through the pancreas, ____________, and gall bladder, but they
are crucial to ____________________
Pancreas:
o Located between ________________ and small intestine
o Quickly lowers _______________ in small intestine
o Breaks down _________________, fats, and ______________
o Your body would not be able to process and use food for ____________ without
the pancreas.
Liver
o Largest internal _____________ of body
o Produces __________, which breaks down __________, much like soap breaks
down oils. This speeds digestion
o Filters ___________ of harmful substances
o ____________ unneeded _______________ for later use
o Breaks down __________________ and produces ______________ that help
___________ blood if you get a cut.
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Summary:
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Gall Bladder
o Pear-shaped organ next to _______________
o Stores and concentrates ___________ and releases it into the small ___________
The Digestive System performs a very important function:
Digestion is the process of breaking down ___________ into usable materials
Food travels through the _________________ tract - Mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, & large intestine, rectum, & anus
Food does not pass through the pancreas, ____________, and gall bladder but they
are crucial to _____________
Proper nutrition is essential to __________________
Notes: The Excretory (Urinary) System
Function:
4 Body Systems Remove Waste
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4 Organs of the Urinary System
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What are Nephrons?
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Water Balance
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Blood Pressure
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Summary
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Remove ____________ materials from the body
Help maintain __________________
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (Ch 2.2)
o Disposes of __________ waste products from food
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM (Ch 2.1)
o Disposes of ____________________ and waste gases from the blood
SKIN/INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (Ch 3.2)
o Releases wastes through _____________ glands
URINARY SYSTEM (Ch 2.3)
o Disposes of __________ waste products removed from the blood
KIDNEYS
o Filter ______________ from the _______________
o Some substances are removed while others are returned to the blood
URETERS
o ____________ that carry wastes from the kidneys to the _______________
BLADDER
o ______________ sac with a wall of smooth muscle
o Stores _____________ wastes
URETHRA
o Tube that carries liquid ________________ outside the body from the bladder.
o _________________ muscles (sphincter) at end of bladder allow person to hold
_____________ closed until ready to release it.
URINE
o The ____________________________ that is emptied through the urethra
About 1 _____________ looping ______________ in each kidney
Regulate the make-up of _________________
Some __________________ are returned to the ____________ surrounding the tubes
Some ____________ is filtered out, but most is returned to the _______________
______________ products travel to the end of the nephrons into a collecting
____________. This remaining liquid is called _____________.
Kidneys also regulate the amount of ____________ in the body – an important job
because the amount of water in your cells affects homeostasis
If your body contains ___________________ water, body parts may ____________.
______________________ water can interfere with cell processes.
Depending on the amount of water your body ___________, your kidneys will
produce urine with _____________ or __________ water.
Blood pressure is affected by the amount of ___________ in your blood
Excess water can lead to high blood pressure, which can put extra __________ on
blood vessels and your heart.
Too little water can lead to low blood pressure, which makes it difficult to get
______________ and _______________ to all the parts of your body.
________ different systems work to remove ____________ materials from the body:
o Digestive system, respiratory system, integumentary system, & urinary system
Kidneys are very important organs that filter liquid waste products from the _______
The kidneys regulate the amount of ____________ in the body – an important job
because the amount of water in your cells affects ___________________
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Name: ____________________________________________________________ Date: 3/16/15 Period: _______ ASSIGN
Outline Summary: The Digestive System (B45-50)
What is the function of the system?
Define:
1.
Nutrients:
2.
Peristalsis:
3.
Mechanical digestion:
4.
Chemical digestion:
Structure
Description/definition
Function
Mouth
Muscular tube 25 cm long
Esophagus
Stomach
6 m long
Small
Intestine
1.
lined with folds called _________
2.
Large
Intestine
1.5 m long
wider than small intestine
Description/definition
Function
Structure
End of large intestine
Rectum
Liver
Gall Bladder
Pancreas
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Name: ____________________________________________________________ Date: 3/16/15 Period: _______ ASSIGN
The Urinary System - pages B 52-55
What is the function of the system?
Structure
Description/definition
Function
Kidneys
Nephrons
Ureters
Urinary
Bladder
Urethra
Diagram: Urinary System
Directions: Label the following terms on the diagram below.
Label:
□ Kidney
□ Bladder
□ Urethra
□ Ureters
□ Nephron
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Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: 3/23/15: Period: _______ ASSIGN
Diagram: The Digestive System
Directions: Label the following terms on the diagram below.
Label:
□ Stomach
□ Salivary Glands
□ Gall Bladder
□ Pancreas
□ Large Intestine
□ Small Intestine
□ Liver
□ Rectum
□ Esophagus
□ Anus
□ Mouth
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Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: 3/23/15: Period: _______ ASSIGN
Concept Map: The Digestive System
__________________
_Define:
DIGESTION
__________________
_Define:
Nutrients
FOOD
Digestive Tract
Teeth
Other Organs
_________________
Function:
Stomach
_________________
Function:
_________________
Function:
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Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: 3/23/15: Period: _______ ASSIGN
Concept Map: Excretory System
WASTES
Excess Water
Lungs
Tube
Filtering
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Name: __________________________________________________________ Date: 3/23/15: Period: _______ ASSIGN
Vocabulary: Human Body Packets 1, 2, and 3
Term
Definition
Picture/Example
Appendicular Skeleton
Artery
Axial Skeleton
Blood
Capillary
Cardiac Muscle
Cellular Respiration
Compact Bone
Digestion
Homeostasis
Involuntary Muscle
Nutrient
Organ
Peristalsis
Skeletal Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Spongy Bone
Urine
Vein
Voluntary Muscle
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