The Rise of Dictators and the
World’s Response
Unit 9, Lesson 1
Essential Idea
• As fascist government became imperialistic,
the world, including the United States,
reacted insufficiently to stop it.
American Foreign Policy in the
1920s
• Isolationism
– Leaving Latin
America
• Peace
conferences
• KelloggBriand Pact
(1928)
• Fragile peace
Japanese Aggression
• Invasion
of
Manchuria
• League of
Nations
response
• Stimson
Doctrine
(1932)
FDR and Latin America
• Dollar Diplomacy
• “Good Neighbor
Policy” (1933)
– Pan-American
conferences
– Cuba
FDR and
International
Trade
• London Economic
Conference (1933)
• Soviet Union
(1933)
• Tydings-McDuffie
Act (1934)
• Reciprocal Trade
Agreements
Joseph Stalin
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•
•
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Joseph Stalin
Farm collectives
Concentration camps
Industrialization
The Rise of Fascism: Italy
• Fascism
– Comparison to
communism
• Italy
• Benito Mussolini
(1922)
The Rise of Fascism: Japan
• Military dictatorship
– Emperor Hirohito
• Response to Great
Depression
The Rise of
Fascism:
Germany
• Nazi party
• Adolf Hitler
– Background
– Beer Hall Putsch
– Mein Kampf
Hitler Takes
Power
• Nazis gain influence
• Hitler becomes
Chancellor
• Reichstag fire
• Enabling Act (1933)
• Rome-Berlin Axis
(1936)
• The Rise of
Dictatorships
German Jews
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•
The Aryan race
Eugenics
Nuremberg Laws (1935)
Kristallnacht (November 9, 1938)
Jewish Emigration
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Mass exodus
Foreign response
The St. Louis
Failed Emigration
Jewish Segregation
• Ghettos
• Conditions
• Mobile killing squads
The “Final Solution”
• Concentration camps
• Death camps
• Legacy
Fascist Dictatorships Expand
• Italy
– Ethiopia
(1935)
• Japan
– China
(1937)
• What is the difference between Germany prior to WWI and after
the Treaty of Versailles?
• Were the new borders drawn according to ethnicities or national
identities?
• What countries might Hitler want to invade in order to get “old
Germany” back?
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Germany Expands
Impact of Treaty of Versailles
Germany militarizes
Rhineland (1936)
Anschluss (1938)
Sudetenland (1938)
Hitler’s justification
Europe’s Weak Response
• Munich Conference (1938)
• Appeasement
• Neville Chamberlain
World War II
Begins
• NonAggression
Pact (HitlerStalin Pact,
1939)
• Lead-up to
War
• Hitler invades
Poland
(September 1,
1939)
• Blitzkrieg
• World War II Begins
Germany on the Offensive
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•
Winston Churchill
Invading France
Miracle at Dunkirk
Dunkirk
Britain vs. Germany
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•
Battle of Britain
Britain
American Response
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Isolationists
The Nye Committee (1934)
Neutrality Acts (1935, 1936, 1937)
FDR’s Quarantine Speech
Public reaction
American Isolationists
American Isolationism
• Francisco
Franco
• Spain falls to
fascism (1939)
“Neutrality”
Evolves
• Preparedness
• Help Britain?
• “Cash and
carry”
(Neutrality Act
of 1939)
“Neutrality” Evolves
• Selective
Training and
Service Act
(1940)
• “Destroyers
for bases”
deal
Election of 1940
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•
•
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A third term?
Wendell Willkie
FDR’s campaign
Results
Creating an “Arsenal of
Democracy”
• “Four Freedoms”
speech
• Getting around the
Neutrality Acts
• Lend-Lease Act
(1941)
• Lend-Lease
• Atlantic Charter
(1941)
• The Greer
FDR vs. the American People?
• FDR’s Critics
• America First
Committee
• A Nation Divided