■ Essential Question:
–What was the impact of European
imperialism in Africa and India?
Unit X – Quiz 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
When did the Suez Canal open?
Why was it initially difficult for European
powers to control their empires?
What was the British Raj?
How did Europeans adapt their lifestyles to
tropical regions?
What was the Indian practice of sati? What
happened to the practice under British
rule?
From 1880 to 1914 European nations used
imperialism to dominate the continent of Africa
The arrival of Europeans
Thechanged
Industrial
Africa
Revolution
led to imperialism in
Before Europeans,
During theAfrica
Age of Exploration,
Africa
in thecoast
mid-1800s
was divided
Europeans
into tribal
explored
clansthe
African
…and brought
African slaves to their
colonies in America
…and powerful
Islamic kingdoms
In the 1870s, the
discoveries of a
missionary named
David Livingstone
increased European
interest in Africa
Reports of large
deposits of natural
resources & the rise
of nationalism in
Europe set off a race
for African colonies
Social Darwinism,
steamboats, &
industrial weapons
encouraged the
conquest of Africa
The first Europeans to explore
the interior of Africa were
missionaries & explorers
The race for African colonies was so fierce that
Europeans became afraid wars would break out
In 1884, 14 nations
Any
nation
claim
Quick
class could
discussion:
met at the Congress of What
land inkind
Africa
by notifying
of rules
do you
Berlin to “set the rules” think
otherthey
nations
& up
showing
came
with?
for colonizing in Africa
it could control the area
No African nations were invited to attend;
No concern was given to ethnic divisions in Africa
By 1914, Europeans controlled 90% of Africa
France took most
of west Africa
Belgium claimed
the Congo in
central Africa
Germany had
many colonies
throughout Africa
These nations used
African colonies
to gain diamonds,
tin, gold, rubber
& built cash-crop
plantations
The most dominant
British industry fueled
imperial power in Africa demand for raw materials
was Great Britain
Britain claimed colonies
in Egypt & in East Africa
England
Egypt
South Africa
In 1882, Britain
seized control of
the Suez Canal from
a French company
India Britain seized control
of South Africa from
the Dutch
Many citizens in
England dreamed of
a British colony from
“Capetown to Cairo”
The most important
empire-builder in Africa
was British businessman,
Cecil Rhodes
His DeBeers Company
created diamond mines
in South Africa
Rhodes gained new
colonies for Britain in
southern Africa
Rhodes used his wealth
to build railroads &
telegraph lines in Africa
What was the impact of
European imperialism in Africa?
Europeans introduced
…but transportation
new technologies like
routes only connected
railroads, telegraph lines,
areas that benefited
& steamboats…
European businessmen
Europeans brought an
…but Africans were paid
end to the slave trade…
low wages & exploited
What was the impact of
European imperialism in Africa?
Europeans built schools,
…but Africans were
churches, & hospitals… taught European culture
Europeans profited off
Africa’s raw materials &
cheap African labor
Africans were unable to
rule themselves,
participate in voting, or
learn professional skills
In South Africa, the
British segregated
society called apartheid
which remained in place
for over 100 years
Africans rebelled against European rule, but were
defeated due to advanced European weaponry
Africa remained
under the control of
European imperialists
from the 1880s until
the 1950s & 1960s
■ Essential Question:
–What was the impact of British
imperialism in India?
During the Age of
During this era,
Imperialism from
no nation could match
1850 to 1914, Europeans the industrial, military, or
dominated Africa & Asia colonial power of Britain
Britain had so many colonies that it was said
that the “sun never set on the British Empire”
Among all of Britain’s
colonies, the most
valuable was India
How did India become
the “brightest jewel
in the crown”?
After Vasco da Gama’s discovery of a water route to
India in 1498, European trade with India increased
In the 1600s, Europeans gained a
foothold in the Indian Ocean trade
The British East India
Company was formed to
trade exotic Asian goods
in Europe & America
The East India Company
set up trade posts in
major port cities in India
By 1700, India’s Mughal
Empire was in decline &
small states ruled by a
maharajah were formed
Conflicts between
Hindus & Muslims
further weakened India
The East India Co gained
more control of India
The East India Company made huge profits creating
plantations to harvest tea, coffee, cotton, & opium
Raw materials like cotton
helped fuel Britain’s
industrial revolution
Opium was refined in
India & smuggled into
China; Opium addition
helped the British gain
access to Chinese trade
The East India Company
sold cheap, British-made
textiles to Indian people
From 1750 to 1850, the
British East India Co ruled
most of India with little
interference from Britain
To protect their trade &
territories, British officials
hired Indian soldiers
called sepoys
Execution of sepoys
By the 1850s, Indian
resentment for the
British was growing
In 1857, rumors spread
that sepoy gun cartridges
supplied by the British
by were greased with
pork & beef fat
Hindu & Muslim sepoys
were outraged & rebelled
against the British
The Sepoy Mutiny lasted
over 1 year; The British
gov’t had to send troops
to help the East India Co
British Queen Victoria
assumed the title of
“Empress of India”
The Sepoy Mutiny was a
turning point in Indian history
In 1858, the British gov’t
took control from the East
India Company & ruled India
directly; British rule was called
the Raj & lasted until 1947
The British government made
important improvements in
India including railroads,
telegraph & telephone lines,
roads, canals, dams, bridges
Britain also built schools,
hospitals, irrigation projects,
& medical improvements
British rule hurt the
native Indian economy,
further divided social
classes, increased
hostility between
Muslims & Hindus
The British emphasis on
cash-crop plantations led
to food shortages &
famine in India
(7 million Indians died
due to starvation in 1876)
India was not the only European
colony in Southeast Asia
The Dutch East India Co
gained control of the
East Indies in the 1600s
The Dutch profited from
rubber, tin, oil resources
& cash-crop plantations
India was not the only European
colony in Southeast Asia
In the 1840s, France seized
control of Vietnam, Laos,
Cambodia in Indochina
The French profited
from rice plantations