NAME__________________________________________DATE_______________
Chapter 10 Key Concepts
AP BIG IDEA 2.A and 2.B
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Chapter 10 Guided Reading Notes
Essential Question: How do plants convert solar energy to chemical energy?
Opening: Discuss content students are familiar with in terms of photosynthesis.
The process that feeds the biosphere
1. Define the following terms:
a. Photosynthesis –
b. Autotroph –
c. Heterotroph –
Concept 10.1: Photosynthesis converts light energy to the chemical energy of food
2. Photosynthesis first evolved in prokaryotic organisms; scientific evidence supports that prokaryotic (bacterial)
photosynthesis was responsible for the production of an oxygenated atmosphere; prokaryotic photosynthetic
pathways were the foundation of eukaryotic photosynthesis (AP standard 2.A.2.e).
3. The original chloroplast is believed to have been a __________________ _________________ that lived inside
a eukaryotic cell.
4. Using the diagram of a chloroplast below, complete each of the following:
a. Indicated where chlorophyll is located and the purpose of chlorophyll in the process of photosynthesis.
b. Write a brief description and the function of the thylakoids, granum, and stroma
c. What part of a plant are most chlorophyll located?
d. What part of a plant allows CO2 to enter and O2 to leave?
5. Write the “actual” balanced equation for
photosynthesis.
6. Write the simplified version of the equation.
7. What is different about the two equations?
8. Photosynthesis is an example of an ___________
reaction because the process requires energy and
the electrons increase in potential energy as they
move from water to sugar.
9. Summarize the two stages of photosynthesis using the table below:
Location
Reactants
Products
Summarizing Description
Light
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
Closing – summarize answers to essential question.
Essential Question: How does the light reaction and Calvin cycle work together?
Opening: What is chlorophyll? Why are plants green?
Concept 10.2: The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
10. What are the differences among chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids?
Wavelength absorption
Color(s)
Structure
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Carotenoids
11.
12.
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14.
What is the result, on electrons, of chlorophylls absorbing free energy from light?
What is released when an electron falls from its excited state back to the ground state?
Where in the chloroplast do photosystem II and photosystem I take place?
Both photosystem II and photosystem I are dependent on chlorophyll a. However, the reactions and enzymes in
photosystem II use a slightly varied chlorophyll a molecule that absorbs light of wavelength _______, while the
reactions and enzymes in photosystem I absorb light of the wavelength ________.
15. Using the diagram below, summarize in, MOST BASIC TERMS, the steps (1-8) for the synthesis of ATP and NADPH
by a linear flow of electrons.
1.
5.
2.
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3.
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4.
8.
16. Which two products are made by the light reactions that will fuel the Calvin Cycle?
17. Which product is released as a gas?
What part of a plant is it released from?
18. Chemiosmosis can be described as pumping protons (H+)
against a concentration gradient (the electron transport chain)
across the membrane of the chloroplast and mitochondrion.
The protons will diffuse back across the membrane into the
mitochondrial matrix or the stroma of a chloroplast. Using the
diagram of chemiosmosis to the right, explain the role of ATP
synthase.
Concept 10.3: The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 to sugar
****you do not have to memorize or know the steps of the Calvin cycle!!!****
19. The Calvin cycle is an ______________ reaction because it is building carbohydrates from smaller molecules.
20. The Calvin cycle can also be considered an __________________ reaction because it is not spontaneous and
requires the input of energy.
21. Explain the basic roles of ATP and NADPH, during the Calvin cycle, in synthesizing sugars.
Concept 10.4: Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation have evolved in hot, arid climates.
22. Explain the main difference between C-3 plants and C-4 plants in terms of the first organic product formed by
each type of plant.
23. Describe the adaptions of CAM plants such as succulents.
24. What are the products of photosynthesis used for by plants?
25. What are the products of photosynthesis used for on a global scale?
Closing –
 Summarize the light reaction.
 Summarize the Calvin cycle.
 Summarize how energy is cycled through photosynthesis as well as within the process.
 Summarize the difference between C3 – C4/CAM plants.
Self Quiz:
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Answer question #9 on page 205.
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