Inserción de la Biblioteca Digital
en la Educación Superior,
Formación de Profesionales y
Cientificos
Universidad de Buenos Aires
May 19, 2004
Edward A. Fox
fox@vt.edu http://fox.cs.vt.edu
Acknowledgements (Selected)
• Sponsors: ACM, Adobe, AOL, IBM, Microsoft,
NASA, NLM, NSF, OCLC, SUN, US Dept. of Ed.
(FIPSE)
• VT Faculty/Staff: Debra Dudley, Weiguo Fan, Gail
McMillan, Manuel Perez, Naren Ramakrishnan,
Layne Watson, …
• VT Students: Yuxin Chen, Shahrooz Feizabadi,
Marcos Goncalves, Nithiwat Kampanya, S.H. Kim,
Bing Liu, Paul Mather, Fernando Das Neves, Unni.
Ravindranathan, Ryan Richardson, Rao Shen,
Ricardo Torres, Wensi Xi, Baoping Zhang, …
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (NDLTD)
• NDLTD Board of Directors, previous Steering Committee + other
NDLTD committees; those running Electronic Thesis &
Dissertation (ETD) initiatives in universities, regions, countries
• Helpful sponsorship by many organizations, especially Adobe (new
initiative!), CONACyT, DFG, FIPSE (US Dept. Education), IBM,
Microsoft, NSF (IIS-9986089, 0086227, 0080748, 0325579;
DUE-0121679, 0136690, 0121741, 0333601), OCLC, SOLINET,
SUN, SURA, UNESCO, VTLS, many governments (Australia,
Germany, India, …), …
• Colleagues at Virginia Tech (faculty, staff, students), and
collaborators at many universities
• Slides included from: Vinod Chachra, Thom Hickey, Joan
Lippincott, Gail McMillan, Axel Plathe, Hussein Suleman, …
Other Collaborators (Selected)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Brazil: FUA, UFMG, UNICAMP
Case Western Reserve University
Emory, Notre Dame, Oregon State
Germany: Univ. Oldenburg
Mexico: UDLA (Puebla), Monterrey
College of NJ, Hofstra, Penn State, Villanova
University of Arizona
University of Florida, Univ. of Illinois
University of Virginia
• Endowment: VTLS
UNESCO
• Cláudio Menezes [cmenezes@unesco.org.uy]
• Purpose:
• Reinforce local solutions, commitments
• Emphasize:
•
•
•
•
•
•
ETD does not need many resources.
Open source and free software is available.
International cooperation can help.
Local training is crucial.
=> Inclusion of ETD in practices, processes
=> Schedule for ETD projects
Part 1
Digital Libraries and
Higher Education
Virginia Tech Background
• Largest university in Virginia, land-grant, football, town
population 35K plus 26K students
• Blacksburg Electronic Village, since 1992, with > 80%
of community on Internet
• Net.Work.Virginia, with sites for education, research,
government
• LMDS, Local Multipoint Distribution Service, gigabit
wireless networking - 1/3 of Virginia
• Math Emporium, 500 workstations
• Faculty Development Initiative, round 3
• Torgersen Hall, $30M Advanced Communications and
Information Technology Center, with DLRL
Fox at VT
• Professor, Dept. of Computer Science
• 1/3 time report to Erv Blythe, VP for Info. Tech.
• Director, Digital Library Research Laboratory
•
•
•
•
Location: 2030 Torgersen Hall
Students: typically about 20
Visitors: India: 2, S. Korea: 1, Brazil: 1, …
Grants: 9 active
• Director of University Center: Internet
Technology Innovation Center at VT
Internet Technology
Innovation Center
Supported by Virginia’s Center for Innovative Technology
Statewide University Partners - Governing Board:
• Christopher Newport University
• William Winter, William Muir, Virginia Electronic Commerce Technology
Center / Southeastern Virginia Network (VECTEC/SEVAnet)
• George Mason University
• Steven Ruth, International Center for Applied Studies in IT (ICASIT)
• Old Dominion University – Kurt Maly (CS Head), …
• University of Virginia
• Alf Weaver, Internet Commerce Group (InterCom)
• Jim French, Internet Digital Library
• VCU – Information Systems, plus connection with telemedicine etc.
• Virginia Tech
• Edward Fox, Digital Library Research Laboratory (DLRL), CC, CS
• Scott Midkiff, Center for Wireless Telecomm. (CWT), VTISC, ECpE
ITIC @ VT
Research Areas
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collaboration (e.g., group decision support)
Community networking (e.g., BEV)
Internet access (e.g., statewide network)
Information services (e.g., digital libraries)
Modeling and simulation (e.g., Web traffic)
Usability (e.g., human factors engineering)
Virtual environments (e.g., CAVE, visualization)
Digital Libraries Projects
(other selected)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
TULIP (Elsevier, OCLC)
BEV History Base (NSF, Blacksburg)
DL for CS Education - EI (NSF, ACM)
WATERS (NSF)
WCA (Log) Repository (W3C)
NSDL (NSF): DL-in-a-Box, GetSmart, OCKHAM
…
DL Examples
•
•
•
•
•
•
IBM Digital Library
Virtua (www.vtls.com)
Greenstone (www.greenstone.org)
Eprints (www.eprints.org)
Many systems in NSF DLI projects
VT systems: CITIDEL, CSTC, DL-in-a-box,
ETANA, MARIAN, NCSTRL, NDLTD
Digital Libraries --- Objectives
• World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop
• Integrated “super” information systems: 5S:
streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies
• Ubiquitous, Higher Quality, Lower Cost
• Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery
• Disintermediation -> Collaboration
• Universities Reclaim Property
• Interactive Courseware, Student Works
• Scalable, Sustainable, Usable, Useful
Benefits
• Ease of use
• Effectiveness
• “The benefits of digital libraries will not be
appreciated unless they are easy to use
effectively.” - IITA Workshop report
DLs: Why of Global Interest?
• National projects can preserve antiquities and
heritage: cultural, historical, linguistic, scholarly
• Knowledge and information are essential to
economic and technological growth, education
• DL - a domain for international collaboration
•
•
•
•
wherein all can contribute and benefit
which leverages investment in networking
which provides useful content on Internet & WWW
which will tie nations and peoples together more
strongly and through deeper understanding
R
e
a
g
a
n
M
o
o
r
e
E
d
F
o
x
Application
Domain
Related Institutions
Examples
Technical Challenges
Benefit / Impact
Publishing
Publishers, Eprint
archives
OAI
Quality control, openness
Aggregation, organization
Education
Schools, colleges,
universities
NSDL, NCSTRL
Knowledge management,
reuseability
Access to data
Art, Culture
Museum
AMICO, PRDLA
Digitization, describing, cataloging
Global understanding
Science
Government,
Academia, Commerce
NVO, PDG,
SwissProt, UK
eScience,European
Union Commission
Data models
reproducibility, faster reuse, faster
advance
(e)
Government
Government Agencies
(all levels)
Census
Intellectual property rights, privacy,
multi-national
Accountability, homeland security
(e)
Commerce,
(e) Industry
Legal institutions
Court cases, patents
Developing standards
Standardization, economic development
History,
Heritage
Foundations
Crosscutting
Library,
Archive
American Memory
Content, context, interpretation
Long term view, perspective,
documentation, recording, facilitating,
interpretation, understanding
Web, personal
collections
Multi-language, preservation,
scalability, interoperability,
dynamic behavior, workflow,
sustainability, ontologies,
distributed data, infrastructure
Reduced cost, increased access,
pereservation, democratization, leveling,
peace, competitiveness
J
u
n
e
2
0
0
2
f
o
r
N
S
F
DL Challenges
• Preservation - so people with trust DLs
• Supporting infrastructure - networks, ...
• Scalability, sustainability, interoperability
• DL industry - critical mass by covering libraries,
archives, museums, corporate info, govt info,
personal info - “quality WWW” integrating IR,
HT, MM, ...
• Need tools & methods to make them easier to build
Libraries of the Future
JCR Licklider, 1965, MIT Press
World
Nation
State
City
Community
Info.
Literacy
(1995)
NSF DLI (1994)
Improving
Education
Digital
Libraries
SGML (1985)
Multimedia
(1986)
WWW
(1994)
PDF
(1992)
Internet
(1984)
Library
Cancellations
(1988)
University
Scholarly
Electronic
Pub. (1988)
Synchronous
Scholarly Communication
Same time, Same or different place
Asynchronous, Digital Library
Mediated Scholarly Communication
Different time and/or place
Information
Life
Cycle
Borgman et al.:
Workshop Report on
Social Aspects of
Digital Libraries:
http://www-lis.gseis.
ucla.edu/DL/
Information Life Cycle
Authoring
Modifying
Using
Creating
Retention
/ Mining
Organizing
Indexing
Accessing
Filtering
Storing
Retrieving
Distributing
Networking
Communications
(bandwidth, connectivity)
Locating Digital Libraries in Computing and
Communications Technology Space
Digital Libraries
technology
trajectory: intellectual
access to globally
distributed information
Computing (flops)
Digital content
less
more
Digital Library Content
Content
Types
Text
Documents
Video
Audio
Geographic
Information
Software,
Programs
Bio
Information
Images and
Graphics
Articles,
Reports,
Books
Speech,
Music
(Aerial)
Photos
Models
Simulations
Genome
Human,
animal,
plant
2D, 3D,
VR,
CAT
Integrated CCLINC
Translingual Information System
DARPA
CCLINC
SERVER
Translation
It seems that North Korea launch a missile again
After North Korea launched a Daipodong missile
last month, NK is perceived to proceed to an additional
test launch. Korea, US and Japan enter into an alert
state, and prepare for a joint response policy. Korea
estimates that the additional launch will be on 09/05.
Japan estimates that NK’s missile range is short. US
information says that there is no sign of launch yet.
Structured Video Browser
(making video into hypermedia)
www.learn.umd.edu
• IBrowse
• Expository multimedia
• Narrative Structures
 MPEG7
MPEG-7 Video Library Systems Tech.
Video Library Systems Tech.
Architecture
Video Data
Description Generator
Description
Scheme
Description Schemes
Design Tool
Player
Video
Database
Retrieval Server
Module
Presentation Module
Meta
Database
and Communication
ICU Information
University
AmericanSouth.Org – Roles, Content
SOLINET
Libraries (Data Providers)
Scholars
Intellectual Organization
Controlled vocabulary
Metadata extension development
Collection Decisions
Selection Criteria
Selection Criteria
Controlled vocabulary
Central Server Maintenance
Local Server Maintenance
Provision of Context
Metadata Repository
Metadata Creation/Maintenance
Organizational Structure and
Annotation Tools
Central Interface Design/Maintenance
Local Interface Design/Maintenance
Selection of Other
Annotation
Tools
Central Indices Creation/Maintenance
Local Indices
Selection of Thesauri
Coordination of Metadata Gateway
Development
Gateway Implementation
Concept Mapping
Digital Objects
Content Area Description
Audio
Digital
Finding
Aid
MSS
Other
Photo
Video
MF
Print
Total
African-American cultural life
6
4
6
9
4
12
3
10
18
72
Agricultural crisis of late 19th century
1
1
3
1
1
4
8
19
Codification of segregation laws
1
3
2
1
8
16
Configuration of white supremacy
1
3
3
1
9
20
Cultural values and activities
3
5
17
4
15
1
5
20
71
Disenfranchising movements
1
2
2
1
2
1
6
15
Educational movements
6
1
18
6
21
3
27
98
1
1
7
10
1
1
Emergence of Holiness & Pentecostal Groups
Emergence of new musical forms
3
Expansion of Southern evangelical Protestant
Churches
3
2
3
1
9
5
1
1
Emergence of organized groups expressing
farmers concerns
1
3
1
1
2
8
2
1
8
13
9
11
23
59
Content Area Description
Audio
Digital
Expansion of industrial activity
Forms of inter-racialism
1
1
Finding
Aid
MSS
Other
Photo
6
12
5
10
1
2
Video
MF
Print
Total
5
14
52
4
10
3
3
5
15
52
2
18
57
1
Great Migration & its relationship to
worsened race relations in the South
Growth of business
1
Growth of cities & towns
1
Interplay of economic interest among regions
1
Local literature
3
Lost Cause monument movement
Political relationships between Populist &
other groups
1
1
5
12
1
13
5
12
4
13
1
4
1
2
1
6
16
2
17
4
7
3
31
68
3
8
4
9
3
1
2
1
2
2
Content Area Description
Audio
Digital
Popular magazines & newspapers
Reactions of African-American leaders to
Segregation
2
1
Finding
Aid
MSS
Other
2
2
1
2
4
1
Photo
2
Video
1
MF
Print
Total
13
17
35
1
10
24
1
1
1
8
15
2
9
25
Relationship among Southern Populists &
those in the West
Relationship between new racial system of
1890s and other
2
4
Role of immigration
1
1
2
6
4
Survival of African-American communities &
Culture
2
2
1
5
7
1
2
13
33
Women’s Groups
2
1
10
1
5
1
4
9
33
Total Each Format
41
51
161
38
133
13
79
301
831
14
Case Study: NCSTRL Costs/Benefits
Stakeholders
Sample Potential Cost
Sample Potential Benefit
Providers
Faculty
Lower value for P&T
Faster publishing
Students
Less recognition
Broader set of outlets
Practitioners
Limited relevance
Ease of publishing, > quantity
Faculty
Lower quality of work
Broader access to resources
Students
Higher access costs (vs.
department available
material)
Lower access costs (vs. journal
available material)
Departments
New maintenance costs
Broader visibility
University libraries
Additional access costs
Access to new resources
Practitioners
More difficult access
Access to new resources
Users
Definitions
• Library ++ (library+archive+museum+…)
• Distributed information system + organization
+ effective interface
• User community + collection + services
• Digital objects, repositories, IPR management,
handles, indexes, federated search, hyperbase,
annotation
Definition: Digital Libraries
are complex systems that
•
•
•
•
•
help satisfy info needs of users (societies)
provide info services (scenarios)
organize info in usable ways (structures)
present info in usable ways (spaces)
communicate info with users (streams)
Case Study: Education
• Refactoring Scholarly Communication:
• Creating, Sharing, Reviewing, Teaching,
Learning, …
•
•
•
•
Physics: PhysNet
OCKHAM
CSTC, CITIDEL, NSDL
NDLTD
Digital Libraries
Shorten the Chain from
Editor
Reviewer
Publisher
A&I
Consolidator
Library
DLs Shorten the Chain to
Author
Teacher
Digital
Reader
Editor
Reviewer
Learner
Librarian
Library
PhysNet
PACS Automatic Classification
OCKHAM
• Simplicity (a la OCCAM’s razor)
• Support by Mellon and DLF
• Four main ideas:
1. Components
2. Lightweight protocols
3. Open reference models (e.g., 5S, OAIS)
4. Community perspective and involvement
• Now funded by NSF in NSDL, with P2P
OCKHAM Library Network
NSDL
Services
NSDL
OCKHAM
Library
Network
OCKHAM
Services
Library
Services
Teachers
Learners
Librarians
CS -> CSTC -> CRIM
• NSF and ACM Education Committee are funding
a 2 year project “A Computer Science Teaching
Center” - CSTC - http://www.cstc.org/
• College of NJ, U. Ill. Springfield, Virginia Tech
• Focus initially on labs, visualization, multimedia
• Multimedia part is also supported by a 2nd grant
to Virginia Tech and The George Washington
University: http://www.cstc.org/~crim/ (with
curricular guidelines also under development)
CS Teaching Center (CSTC)
• Instead of building large, expensive multimedia packages,
that become obsolete and are difficult to re-use, concentrate
on small knowledge units.
• Learners benefit from having well-crafted modules that
have been reviewed and tested.
• Use digital libraries to build a powerful base of support for
learners, upon which a variety of courses, self-study
tutorials & reference resources can be built.
• ACM support led to Journal of Educational Resources in
Computing (JERIC), accessible from www.cstc.org
Browsing (1)
Browsing (2)
Computing and Information
Technology Interactive Digital
Educational Library (CITIDEL)
• Domain: computing / information technology
• Genre: one-stop-shopping for teachers &
learners: courseware (CSTC, JERIC), leading
DLs (ACM, IEEE-CS, DB&LP, CiteSeer),
PlanetMath.org, NCSTRL (technical reports), …
• Submission & Collection: sub/partner
collections  www.citidel.org
www.CITIDEL.org
• Led by Virginia Tech, with co-PIs:
• Fox (director, DL systems)
• Lee (history)
• Perez (user interface, Spanish support)
• Partners
• College of New Jersey (Knox)
• Hofstra (Impagliazzo)
• Villanova (Cassel)
• Penn State (Giles)
Overview of CITIDEL architecture
USER PORTALS
DIGITAL LIBRARY SERVICES
REPOSITORIES
Distributed repository structure
Digital Library Services
OAI
Data
Provider
Applets
Repository
OAI
Data
Harvester
Union Metadata
Repository
Laboratories
Repository
Syllabi
Repository
Papers
Repository
...
Digital library architecture for local
and interoperable CITIDEL services
EDUCATORS
Multilingual
Searching
LEARNERS
Browsing
Union Metadata
Filtering
Filtering Profiles
OAI
Data
Provider
Annotating
ADMINISTRATORS
Revising
Administering
User Profiles
Annotations
OAI
Data
Harvester
Remote and Peer Digital Libraries (eg. NSDL -CIS)
PORTALS
SERVICES
REPOSITORIES
CITIDEL: Computing & Information Technology
Interactive Digital Education Library
Cluster Search Results from CITIDEL
Cluster NDLTD-Computing
CITIDEL -> NSDL
• A collection project in the
• National STEM (science, technolgy,
engineering, and mathematics) education
Digital Library – NSDL
• National Science Digital Library
• www.nsdl.org
A Learning Environments and Resources
Network for SMET Education (LEARNS)
“The network is the library.”
LEARNS Connects:
Users: students, educators, life-long learners
Content: structured learning materials; large
real-time or archived datasets; audio, images,
animations; primary sources; digital learning
objects (e.g. applets); interactive (virtual,
remote) laboratories; ...
Tools: search; refer; validate; integrate;
create; customize; publish; share; notify;
collaborate; ...
LEARNS Supports:
Learning communities
Users
(profiles)
Application services
Tools
Customizable collections
Content
(metadata)
(protocols)
LEARNS Enables:
Environments for
• Discovery
• Communication
• Stability
• Collaboration
• Reliability
• Creation
AND
• Reusability
• Validation
• Interoperability
• Evaluation
• Customizability
• Recognition
• ...
• ...
of Resources
Expectations of NSDL
ProgramTracks
• Core Integration: coordinate a distributed alliance of
resource collection and service providers; and ensure
reliable and extensible access to and usability of the
resulting network of learning environments and resources
• Collections: aggregate and actively manage a subset of the
digital library’s content within a coherent theme / specialty
• Services: increase the impact, reach, efficiency, and value
of the digital library in its fully operational form
• Targeted (Applied) Research: have immediate impact on
one or more of the other three tracks
Collections
•
•
•
•
Discovery of content
Classification and cataloguing
Acquisition and/or linking; referencing
Disciplinary-based themes define a natural body of
content, but other possibilities are also encouraged
• Access to massive real-time or archived datasets
• Software tool suites for analysis, modeling,
simulation, or visualization
• Reviewed commentary on learning materials and
pedagogy
Services
• Help services, frequently asked questions, etc.
• Synchronous/asynchronous collaborative learning
environments using shared resources
• Mechanisms for building personal annotated
digital information spaces
• Reliability testing for applets or other digital
learning objects
• Audio, image, and video search capability
• Metadata system translation
• Community feedback mechanisms
NSDL Information Architecture
Essentially as developed by the Technical Infrastructure Workgroup
Portals &
Portals &
Clients
Portals &
Clients
Clients
User
Interfaces
Core
NSDL
“Bus”
NSDL
NSDL
NSDL
Collections
Collections
Collections
Collection
Building
referenced
referenced
items&&
Special
items
collections
Databases
collections
Core
Core Services:
Collectionmetadata
Building
Core gathering
CollectionServices
protocols
Building
Services
harvesting
NSDL
NSDL
Services
Other
NSDL
Services
Services
Usage
Enhancement
Core
Services:
CI Services
information
retrieval
CI Services
browsing
CI
Services
authentication
CI Services
personalization
CI Services
discussion
annotation
A Digital Library Case Study
• Domain: graduate
Project:
education, research
Networked Digital
• Genre:ETDs=electronic Library of Theses &
theses & dissertations
Dissertations
• Submission:
(NDLTD)
http://etd.vt.edu
http://www.ndltd.org
• Collection:
http://www.theses.org
NDLTD
Grad
Program
IT
Library
Ed.
(Tech)
Key Ideas:
Scalability
Networked infrastructure
University collaboration
Workflow, automation
Education is the rationale
Maximal
Access
8th graders vs. grads
Authors must submit
Standards
PDF, SGML, MM,
MARC, DC, URNs,
Federated search
The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
www.NDLTD.org
Training Authors
Expanding Access
Preserving Knowledge
Improving Graduate Education
Enhancing Scholarly Communication
Empowering Students & Universities
Leader of the Worldwide ETD
(Electronic Thesis and Dissertation) Initiative
Main Message
• Digital libraries can help advance education.
• Argentina is invited to engage in NDLTD, as well as
CITIDEL, NSDL, and other DL ventures.
• UNESCO Analytical Survey on Digital Libraries in
Education is recommending DLE in each nation.
• Local and national support can
•
•
•
•
stimulate activities, including collaboration
promote a sharing culture, especially in research and teaching
leverage others’ investments (networking, computing, …)
encourage / facilitate learning
• Please join NDLTD!
What led to today’s meeting?
• 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, …
• 1992 mtg in Washington: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10 universities
with 3 reps each
• 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library (regional,
US Southeast): SURA, SOLINET
• 1994 mtg at VT: std: PDF + SGML + multimedia objects
• 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE)
• 1997 meetings in UK, Germany, ...
• 1998 – 1st symposium – Memphis (20)
• 1999 – 2nd symposium – Blacksburg (70)
• 2000 – 3rd symposium – St. Petersburg (225)
• 2001 – 4th symposium – Caltech (200)
• 2002 – 5th syposium – BYU, Provo, Utah
• 2003 – 6th syposium – Berlin (215)
• 2004 – 7th syposium – U. Kentucky
• 2005 – 8th syposium – Sydney, Australia
What are the long term goals?
• 400K US students / year getting grad degrees are
exposed / involved
• 200K/yr rich hypermedia ETDs that may turn into
electronic portfolios (images, video, audio, …)
• Dramatic increase in knowledge sharing: literature
reviews, bibliographies, …
• Services providing lifelong access for students:
browse, search, prior searches, citation links
• Hundreds/thousands of downloads / year / work
ETDs: Library Goals
• Improve library services
• Better turn-around time
• Always available
• Reduce work
• catalog from e-text
• eliminate handling: mailing to
ProQuest, bindery prep, check-out,
check-in, reshelving, etc.
• Save space
What are we doing?
• Aiding universities to enhance graduate
education, publishing and IPR efforts
• Helping improve the availability and
content of theses and dissertations
• Educating ALL future scholars so they can
publish electronically and effectively use
digital libraries (i.e., are Information
Literate and can be more expressive)
NDLTD Incorporation
• Networked Digital Library of Theses and
Dissertations incorporated May 20, 2003 in
Virginia, USA
• Charitable and educational purposes (501 c 3)
• Can accept donations, collect dues, receive funds
• LeClair Ryan provides legal counsel
• Officers
• Executive Director (Ed Fox)
• Secretary (Gail McMillan)
• Treasurer (Scott Eldredge)
Initial Board of Directors
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Suzie Allard (ETD 2004, U. Kentucky)
Denise A. D. Bedford (World Bank)
Julia C. Blixrud (ARL, SPARC)
José Luis Borbinha (National Lib Portugal)
Alex Byrne (ETD 2005, ADT: Australia)
Vinod Chachra (VTLS)
Peter Diepold (Humboldt)
Scott Eldredge (Treasurer, ETD 2002,
BYU)
Edward Fox (Exec Director, Virginia Tech)
Jean-Claude Guédon (U. of Montréal)
John H. Hagen (West Virginia U.)
Thomas B. Hickey (OCLC)
Sarantos Kapidakis (Ionian U., Greece)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Delphine Lewis (ProQuest)
Joan K. Lippincott (CNI)
Gail McMillan (Secretary, Virginia Tech)
Claudio Menezes (UNESCO, Uruguay)
Joseph Moxley (ETD 2000, USF)
Ana Pavani (PUC Rio, Brazil)
Axel Plathe (UNESCO, Paris)
Sharon Reeves (National Library Canada)
Peter Schirmbacher (ETD 2003,
Humboldt)
Mohsen Tawfik (UNESCO, India)
Shalini R. Urs (U. Mysore, India)
Felix N Ubogu (U. Witwatersrand, S.
Africa)
Eric F. Van de Velde (ETD 2001, Caltech)
National / Regional Projects
• Australia
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
U. New South Wales (lead)
U. of Melbourne
U. of Queensland
U. of Sydney
Australian National U.
Curtin U. of Technology
Griffith U.
• Germany
• Humboldt University (lead)
• 3 other universities
• 5 learned societies: Math,
Physics, Chemistry,
Sociology, Education
• 1 computing center
• 2 major libraries
• OhioLINK: 79 colleges/univs
• Consorci de Biblioteques
Universitàries de Catalunya,
as group, www.cbuc.es: 9
sites
• India
• Korea
• Brazil
• UK (British Library, JISC,
Edinburgh)
• UNESCO (especially Latin
America, Eastern Europe,
Africa)
Some Countries
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
China
Columbia
Finland
France
Germany
India
Italy
Korea
Mexico
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Netherland
Norway
Russia
Singapore
S. Africa
S. Korea
Spain
Sudan
Sweden
Taiwan
UK
USA
Some Institutional Members
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
British Library
Cinemedia
Coalition for Networked Information (CNI)
Committee on Institutional Cooperation (CIC)
Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya
Diplomica.com
Dissertation.com
Dissertationen Online (Germany)
ETDweb, a Division of Answer4.com
Ibero-American Science & Technology Education Consortium
(ISTEC)
National Documentation Centre (NDC), Greece
National Library of Portugal (for all universities)
OCLC Online Computer Library Center
OhioLINK
Organization of American States (SEDI/OAS)
Southeastern Library Network (SOLINET)
UNESCO (www.unesco.org/webworld/etd)
UNESCO and ETDs
(by Axel Plathe at ETD2003)
• Promoting the use of the Internet as a tool for disseminating
scientific knowledge
• Facilitating the transfer of ETD expertise from developed to
developing countries
• 1998: Member of the NDLTD Steering Committee
• 1999: First UNESCO ETD meeting on ETD internationalisation
• 2002: “UNESCO Guide to Electronic Theses and Dissertations”
• 2003: Model training programmes and training courses
• 2003: Sponsor pilot projects
• 2003: Pilot projects (Africa, Europe, Latin-America)
ETD Initiative (and ProQuest)
Students
Learn about
DL, EPub
TDs
become more
expressive
Global TDs
become more
accessible,
archived
Universities
ProQuest
N. Amer. (T)Ds are
accessible, archived
How can a university get
involved?
• Select planning/implementation team
•
•
•
•
Graduate School
Library
Computing / Information Technology
Institutional Research / Educ. Tech.
• Join online, give us contact names
• www.ndltd.org/join
• Adapt Virginia Tech or other proven approach
• Build interest and consensus
• Start trial / allow optional submission
Convene Local Planning Group
ETD
ETD project participants
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Academic administrators
Faculty
Students
Staff
Graduate school / provost / registrar
Information technologists
Librarians
Build Local ETD Site
ETD
Workshop/Training
Digital Library
Policies
Inspection/Approval
Student Prepares Thesis/Dissertation
NDLTD
Literature
Computer Resources
Research
Student Defends & Finalizes ETD
My Thesis
ETD
Multimedia Use in ETD Collection
File type
Examples
Count
Still image
BMP, DXF, GIF, JPG, TIFF
328
Video
AVI, MOV, MPG, QT
58
Audio
AIFF, WAV
18
Text
PDF, HTML, TXT, DOC, XLS
Other
Macromedia, SGML, XML
7601
51
Student Gets Committee
Signatures and Submits ETD
Signed
Grad School
Graduate School Approves ETD,
Student is Graduated
Ph.D.
Library Catalogs ETD, Access is
Opened to the New Research
WWW
NDLTD
Q uickTim e™ and a
Cinepak decom pr essor
ar e needed t o see t his pict ur e.
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-2227102539751141/
Status of the VT Project
• Approved by university governance Spring
1996; required starting 1/1/97
• Submission & access software in place
• Submission workshops for students (and
faculty) occur often: beginner/adv.
• Faculty training as part of Faculty
Development Initiative
• Over 5000 ETDs in collection – some have
audio, video, large images, software, …
Archiving ETDs
• Every 15 minutes back-ups made of notyet-approved submissions
• Hourly back-ups of newly approved ETDs
• Weekly back-ups of entire ETD collection
• Copies stored on-site and off-site
VT ETD Cataloging
• same as current cataloging policies, except:
• author-assigned keywords (not LCSH)
• generic (not LC) call no.
• fields/subfields as required for computer files
• full abstracts
• time savings
• cataloger familiar with computer files
• equipment, software for word processing
• 5 minutes avg. (10-15 minutes for paper TDs)
Library Resources
• Hardware: with Apache web server
• Maintenance and security
• Started small; now: Sun 2-processor Enterprise 250--Solaris 2.7
• Software
• Submission scripts written by DLA
• Includes e-mail notifications to authors, advisors, UMI
• Use it too: http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ETD-db/
• Log files analyzed with Analog
• Survey scripts written by DLA
• Data from authors and readers
• Use it too: http://lumiere.lib.vt.edu/surveys/
• Search Engine
• Started small; now: InfoSeek’s ULTRASEEK
Digital Library Benefits:
Low margin, high use
• Incorporate ETDs with other digital library activities
• Ejournals, online class materials, digital images, etc.
• Additional equipment, staff may not be necessary
• http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/data/setup.html
• Use VT programs, scripts, etc.
• http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ETD-db/
• Online accesses vs. circulation of copies
• 1990-1994, average circulation per copy per year:
• 2.2 for theses, 3.2 for dissertations
Access to VT’s ETDs
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/
5,000,000
4,500,000
4,000,000
3,500,000
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
1,000,000
500,000
ETD files requested
Abstracts requested
1997/98
231,709
165,710
1997/98
483,030
215,493
1999/00
578,152
260,699
2000/01
2,173,420
573,149
2001/02
4,497,199
471,917
Info Available at VT
• Information
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses
• Automated submission system ready for
customization
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ETD-db/
• Student guidelines, training materials,
FAQ's, multimedia educational materials
http://etd.vt.edu
Access Possibilities
Web
search
engines
www.
theses.
org
Virginia MIT National
Tech
Library of
Portugal
www.
library
openarchives. catalog
org
clients
CBUC
(Spain)
Ohio
Link
3rd
Party
Services
(e.g.,
UMI)
National
Projects:
AU, GE, …
ETD Union Collection (OAI)
VIRTUA
MARIAN
Future: recommender, …
Merged Metadata
Collection
LEGEND
OAI Data Provider
Virginia
Tech ETD
Archive
Humboldt
ETD
Archive
Duisburg
ETD
Archive
…
OAI Service Provider
OAI Harvesting
Union catalog: OCLC
• OCLC will expand OAI data provider on TDs.
• Is getting data from WorldCat (so, from many
sites!).
• Will harvest from all others who contact them.
• Need DC and either ETD-MS or MARC.
• Has a set for ETDs.
Union catalog: VTLS, VT
• VTLS will enhance search/browse service
for ETDs
• Will harvest from OCLC’s set of ETD records
• Will receive through other mechanisms
• Will work with MARC-21 and ETD-MS
• VT will continue to offer experimental
services
NDLTD Union Catalog
Content Languages

The VTLS NDLTD Union Catalog has data in 6 different
languages. These are:
 English
 German
 Greek
 Korean
 Portuguese
 Spanish

Examples follow
Language = German; hits = 137
Full record display
For professional societies
• Like “writing across the curriculum”, e.g.,
Chemical Markup Language, MathML, …
• Besides writing: computing/communications,
information literacy, personal digital library
management, tool use, research methods,
collaboration, archiving/preservation
• Data sets, communities of users of them
• Classification systems / browsing / searching
• NRC’s “Issues for Science and Engineering
Researchers in the Digital Age”, 57 pages
Relationship with publishers
• Concern of faculty and students that still wish
to publish books or journal articles, voiced:
campus, Chronicle, NPR, Times
• Solution: Approval Form gives students,
faculty choices on access, when to change
access condition; use IPR controls in DL
• Solution: by case, work with publishers and
publisher associations to increase access
• AAP, AAUP
• AAAS, ACM, ACS, Elsevier, ...
Some responses from publishers
•
•
•
•
•
ACM: need to acknowledge copyright
Elsevier: need to acknowledge copyright
IEEE-CS: endorse initiative
ACS: After first publication, can release
Textbook publishers: different market,
manuscript significantly reworked
• General: restricting access to local campus
will not cause any problems
Summary: ETDs and Publishing
• Early controversies waning
• Faculty: prior publication?
• Protective of future academics
• Surveys of publishers
• No specific policies largely
• Consider submissions individually
• VT ETD Alumni
• None had problems getting published
• Authors
• Retain some rights, e.g., link to curriculum
vitae, online course materials
ETDs and Copyright
• Author’s rights
• Reproduction, modification, distribution, public performance,
public display
• Retain rights
• Share non-exclusive rights:
• Permit library to store / provide access
• Author’s obligations: fair use
• Balance factors or get permission
• Notification: optional
Copyright 2002 by Gail McMillan ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
• Registration: optional
• Possibly receive greater compensation, with less
documentation, if filing infringement law suit
ETDs and Long-term Preservation
• Concerns: Access without paper
• Long term preservation
• Standard multimedia formats
• PDF Reader: open source
• http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/archive.html
• Addressed Concerns
• Cooperatives, e.g., OhioLink
• Why not: OCLC, NDLTD?
• Commercial options
• ProQuest: traditional microfilming
• Frequent, regular back-ups available on, off-site
ETD-MS
• ETD Metadata Standard
• XML-encoded metadata standard
(content and encoding) for Electronic
Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)
• in part conforming to Dublin Core (DC)
• using RDF
• using UNICODE
• Will specify relationship with MARC
Complex to Simple
MARC ($50)
Dublin Core (DC)
+
thesis
Recent Added Support by NDLTD
• Links from NDLTD site
• ETD individuals support – submit ETD
• ETD discussion (e-prints) – community activities
• Conference papers and presentations – community
activities http://www.ndltd.org/WVUproc.htm
• Automated support to “join NDLTD”
• Marcel Dekker book in press
• Edward A. Fox, Shahrooz Feizbadi, Joseph M. Moxley,
and Christian R. Weisser, eds., The ETD Sourcebook:
Theses and Dissertations in the Electronic Age, New
York: Marcel Dekker, 2004
Two Approaches to an ETD Progam
Characteristic View 1
View 2
Who
Staff
Students
When
Now
Soon: Pilot to
option to reqrmnt
Focus
Increase univer.
visibility
Education of
students
What
Scan in prior
works first
Students submit
own works
Why ETD?
Short Answer
• For Students:
• Gain knowledge and skills for the Information Age
• Richer communication (digital information, multimedia, …)
• For Universities:
• Easy way to enter the digital library field and benefit thereby
• For the World:
• Global digital library – large, useful, many services
• General:
• Save time and money
• Increased visibility for all associated with research results
The Process?
Short Answer
• For Students:
• Plan on ETD from day 1
• Secure knowledge from: workshops, online info, colleagues
• Work with faculty to plan approach
• PDF? XML? TEI? Multi/hypermedia? Data sets? Viz?
• Get signed approval form: access, ©, proxy assignment
• After defense and approval, submit ETD to university
• For Universities:
• Form team
• Adapt solution from work at other universities, attend ETD
conference
• Pilot -> Option -> Requirement
Some Potential Barriers
• Lethargy; Not invented here
• Frustration/Anger: Technology! More work!
• Lack of experience in working together: graduate
school, library, computing staff
• Lack of interest in (quality of) student work
• More loyalty to discipline than to campus
• Unwillingness to accept responsibility for
financial problems with libraries, or to accept
need for changes regarding electronic publishing
Spirit of NDLTD
•
•
•
•
•
•
Help make a better (smaller) world
Win-win-win (everyone can benefit)
Have fun helping others
Helpers/teachers learn more than those they work with
Build on standards
ETDs are preservable, popular, expressive, “better”
• Doable, feasible, learnable, affordable, sharable
• Please join NDLTD!
Selected Links - http://fox.cs.vt.edu
• CITIDEL (computing education resources)
• www.citidel.org
• NCSTRL (computing technical reports)
• www.ncstrl.org
• NDLTD (electronic theses and dissertations worldwide)
• www.ndltd.org and etdguide.org
• NSDL (National Science Digital Library)
• www.nsdl.org
• OAI (Open Archives Initiative)
• www.openarchives.org
• Virginia Tech Digital Library Research Laboratory
(DLRL, www.dlib.vt.edu)
• 5S, AmericanSouth.Org, CSTC, DL-in-a-box, ENVISION,
ETANA, MARIAN, NDLTD, NSDL, OAD, ODL, …)
Questions/Discussion?