Humanism
What is Humanism?
Emerged in the 1960’s
Belief that people are inherently good
Studies the whole person
Focuses in human freedom, dignity, and potential
Learning is holistic
Abraham Maslow 19081970
“Father” of humanistic psychology
Motivation based on need
Intrinsic drive
Opposed Freud
Emphasis on choice, creativity, and
values
Carl Rogers
Person-centered approach
Believed people are inherently
good
Positive environment for growth
Self actualization
Self Concept
• Three Components:
Self Worth (Self Esteem)
Self Image
Ideal Self
Self Actualization
To discover & understand self
To express one’s self
To find one’s passion & act on it
To discover strengths, talents &
develop them
Use strengths to compensate for
weaknesses
Fully Functioning Person
Occurs when self actualization takes place
Person is well adjusted, balanced, and interesting
Experiences and feelings are subjective
Continuous growth and changing
An ideal concept
Characteristics of a Fully Functioning Person
• Five Characteristics:
Open to experience
Existential living
Trust feelings
Creativity
Fulfilled life
Humanistic Education
Student led
Focus on student interest
Teacher as facilitator
Self evaluation
Holistic
Safe environment
References:
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McLeod, S. A. (2007). Carl Rogers. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/carl-rogers.html
•
Deshler, J. David and E. Kiely. (1995). Facilitating Adult Learning Sourcebook. Department of Education, Cornell University. Cornell
Instructional Media Service, pub. 420 Kennedy Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
•
eCarvalho, R. (1991). The humanistic paradigm in education. The Humanistic Psychologist, 19(1), 88-104.
•
Huitt, W. (2001). Humanism and open education. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved
September 11, 2007, from the URL: http://chiron.valdosta.edu/whuitt/col/affsys/humed.html.
•
Rogers, C., & Freiberg, H. J. (1994). Freedom to learn (3rd Ed.). New York: Macmillan.
•
Ashworth, Frank et al. : Learning Theories and Higher Education. Level3, Issue 2, June 2004.
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Humanistic Psychology. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
•
Learning and teaching: Humanistic approaches to learning. Retrieved March 11, 2011.
•
Greenberg, G. A New Look at Learning. In Sudbury Valley School. The Sudbury Valley School Experience. The Sudbury Valley School,
1992.
•
Ashworth, Frank, Gabriel Brennan, Kathy Egan, Ron Hamilton, and Olalla Sáenz. Learning Theories and Higher Education. Vol. 2, 2004.
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Johnson, A. (2010). Humanisic learning theory. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tmIQ-Lno8tA