MODUL PERKULIAHAN
Arsitektur
E-Business
Business-Oriented
E-Commerce
Fakultas
Program Studi
Ilmu Komputer
Sistem Informasi
Abstract
Tatap eMuka
12
Kode MK
Disusun Oleh
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Kompetensi
Outline

Features of B2B E-commerce

Business Models

Integration
B2B e-Commerce deals with transactions in which the buyer and the vendor are business
organizations who are generally not the end-users of the items being purchased but who utilize the
goods or services in conducting their business or transform the goods purchased into a
manufactured product which it then sells.
Projection Growth of B2B E-Commerce
As projected in 2001.
Businesses currently need to:
1. Sell and distribute their goods to other businesses
2. Carry out procurement of goods and services
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
3. Have logistics to move goods to the appropriate place at the defined time and in the correct
quantities, I.e. the Just-in-Time (JIT) management
4. Have storage or warehousing facilities at the right places in the presence of uncertain
demand to store required components and materials as well as finished products, I.e.
warehouse logistics
5. Carry out marketing and advertising of their goods and services
6. Have appropriate support services for different business support functions and as human
resources, accounting, inventory control, order processing, and payment processing. It
would be preferable if these could be integrated so that a change entered in one part of
such a support service will be automatically reflected in other appropriate parts
7. Obtain appropriate information, forecasts, and market intelligence so as to best tune their
activities to meet these
Main features of B2B EC

high volumes of goods traded

high net value of goods traded

multiple forms of electronic payment

other payment methods permitted

prior agreements or contracts between the partners

higher level of information exchange between the different trading partners
B2B Business Models
Three basic types of models:
1.
A buyer-oriented e-commerce system;
2.
A seller-oriented e-commerce system;
3.
A virtual market place (VMP) with multiple buyers and multiple sellers.
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
E-Procurement and Buy side EC Systems

Buyer-oriented e-commerce business models:

suitable for large corporations

they include:

Intra-company activities

Inter-company activities
Sometimes referred to as Operating Resource Management (ORM) or Operating Resource
Procurement. Systems may exclude raw materials/components, traded goods, and capital items).
The remaining goods are referred to as operating resources. Frequently high volume, low cost
products.
E-Procurement and Buy side EC Systems

Buy Side E-commerce system:

corporation does not have to physically go out there searching for suppliers

they come to the corporation once it has signaled its potential needs.

all transactions are electronically handled.
Sell side EC Systems

Sell Side E-commerce systems:

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
producing or marketing products to a large number of small and large corporations.

one (supplier) to many (buyers) system.

example: Dell and Cisco -- permit customization by the configuration which the
buyer wishes to purchase.
The Sell Side E-commerce system should provide:
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id

product catalog

product configuration (if applicable)

business roles to allow automation of approval and ordering

customer service

fulfillment and shipping

accounts receivable/invoicing and electronic payment

monitoring of order status and account history
Virtual Markets

Provides a meeting place for many vendors and many buyers

Digital Marketplaces, Infomediaries, Vertical Portals, Intermediary Oriented Marketplaces
and Digital Exchanges

The most successful virtual markets are highly focused and address a specific sector of
industry.

Examples of these include:

Boeing’s PART System

Chemdex.com (gone)

IPowerB2B.com (made-in-china.com)

Enron (gone)
Collaborative Supply Chain Management (SCM)
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
Information is exchanged is between two partners to allow a purchase to take place.

For corporations
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
it is important to not only optimize a single purchase segment between two parties

interaction between parties upstream of the purchase.
Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
Types of E-Commerce
 E-commerce is defined as the use of the Internet and the Web to transact business
 Five types of e-commerce
 Business-to-business (B2B)
 Business-to-consumer (B2C)
 Customer-to-customer (C2C)
 Peer-to-peer (P2P)
 Mobile commerce (m-commerce)
 Business-to-Business (B2B) Evolution:
 Automated order entry systems started in 1970’s
 Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) started in the 1970’s
 Electronic Storefronts emerged in the 1990’s
 Net Marketplaces emerged in the late 1990’s
 Benefits of B2B E-Commerce
 Lower procurement Administrative costs,
 Access to global suppliers
 Lower inventory investment due to price transparency/reduced response time
 Quality enhanced due to earlier involvement between buyers and sellers, especially
during product design and development
 Business-to-Consumer (B2C) Revenue Models
 Advertising revenue model
 Subscription revenue model
 Transaction fee model
 Sales revenue model
 Affiliate revenue model
 Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C) E-Commerce
 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) E-Commerce
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
 M-Commerce
Supply Chains & SCM
 A supply chain is the network of activities that deliver a product/service to the customer
 Sourcing of: raw materials, assembly, warehousing, order entry, distribution,
delivery
 Supply Chain Management is the business function that coordinates all of the network
links
 Coordinates movement of goods through supply chain from suppliers to
manufacturers to distributors
 Promotes information sharing along chain like forecasts, sales data, & promotions
Components of a Typical Supply Chain
Components of a Supply Chain
 External Suppliers
 Tier one supplier supplies directly to the processor
 Tier two supplier supplies directly to tier one
 Tier three supplier supplies directly to tier two
 Internal Functions include:
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
 Processing, purchasing, planning, quality, shipping
 External Distributors transport finished goods
 Logics function manages all material movement including selection and monitoring
carriers
The Supply Chain
A Basic Supply Chain
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
SCM in a Dairy Products Supply Chain
SCM Factors
 SCM must consider the following trends, improved capabilities, & realities:
 Consumer Expectations and Competition – power has shifted to the consumer
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
 Globalization – capitalize on emerging markets
 Information Technology – e-commerce, Internet, EDI, scanning data, intranets
 Government Regulations - like trade barriers
 Environment Issues – e.g. waste minimization
Global SCM Factors
 Managing extensive global supply chains introduces many complications
 Substantial geographical distances increase lead times and inventory investment
 Forecasting accuracy complicated by longer lead times and different operating
practices
 Exchange rates fluctuate, inflation can be high
 Infrastructure problems like transportation, communication, lack of skilled labor, &
scarce local material supplies
 Product proliferation created by the need to customize products for each market
Integrated SCM
 Implementing integrated SCM requires:
 Analyzing the whole supply chain
 Starting by integrating internal functions first
 Integrating external suppliers through partnerships
 Possible Supply Chain Objectives
 Reduce costs, improve quality
 Reduce lead time and inventory
 Reduce time to market
 Increase sales
 Improve demand data/forecasting
The Role of Warehouses
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
 There are two types–general and distribution
 What do warehouses do?
 Transportation consolidation from LTL quantities to TL quantities
 Product mixing is a value added service which groups a variety of items together for
better service and reduced cost
 Services like providing a closer location point to the customer. Also customizing
services like adding instruction books or proper voltage power cord
 Cross-docking to eliminate storage and order picking costs, e.g. Home Depot, WalMart, Costco
Current Trends in SCM
 Supply chains will be more agile, flexible, and integrated to reflect consumer expectations
 Technology will facilitate real time demand sharing throughout entire supply chains
 Winning firms will have the best supply chains, e.g. Wal-Mart
 Greater use of net-marketplaces to bring more suppliers into contact with more suppliers to
reduce price and lower transaction costs
 Greater use of E-distributors providing products via e-catalog from thousands of suppliers at
one market place
 E-purchasing companies connecting online suppliers offering VCM for MRO supplies will
charge fees to join the market
 More online exchanges for spot requirements of large firms in a single industry, e.g. Esteelcom, E-greenbiz.com
 More use of industry owned consortia enabling buyers to purchase direct inputs from a
limited set of invited participants, e.g. Covisint.com (automotive), Avendra.com (hospitality),
and ForestExpress.com (paper and forest)
 More use of value adding third party logistics providers like UPS
 More virtual corporations overseeing networks of suppliers
 SCM performance measurements will focus on quality, speed, flexibility, and value
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id
Daftar Pustaka
•
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E-Commerce Fundamental & Application, Wiley 2001
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Arsitektur E-Bisnis
Misbahul Fajri, ST., MTI
Pusat Bahan Ajar dan eLearning
http://www.mercubuana.ac.id