Chapter 8 Study Guide
Lesson 1 (pgs. 250-259)
 Describe the functions of roots, stems and leaves
o Roots-anchor the plant, absorb water and nutrients
o Stems-carries substances between roots and leaves, provides
support
o Leaves-capture sun’s energy and carry out photosynthesis
 Stomata
 Transpiration
 Describe the structure of roots, stems and leaves
o Roots
 Taproot & Fibrous root
 Root Hair
 Root Cap
 Vascular Tissue
 Area of Dividing Cells
o Stems
 Woody & Herbaceous
 Vascular Tissue
 Cambium
 Heartwood
o Leaves
 Stomata
 Why do they open and close?
 When are they open?
 When are they closed?
 Upper Leaf Cells
 Lower Leaf Cells
 Describe the structure and function of seeds
o Seed Coat
o Cotyledons
o Embryo
 Describe the process of germination and how it begins
 Describe what happens in seed dispersal and why it happens
 Know the structures and function of the parts of a flower
o Sepal
o Petals
o Stamens
o Pistils
 Describe what happens in pollination
Lesson 2 (pgs. 260-267)
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Know what happens in the sporophyte and gametophyte stages of a
plant’s life cycle
Know the difference between annuals, perennials and biennials
Know how plants reproduce
o Pollination
o Fertilization
o Zygote Formation
o Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
Explain the difference between vascular and non-vascular plants
Know what a gymnosperm is:
o Reproductive structure = cone
o Explain reproductive cycle
Know what an angiosperm is:
o Reproductive structure = flower
o Explain reproductive cycle
Explain how seeds can be dispersed in gymnosperms and angiosperms
Identify differences and similarities in gymnosperm and angiosperm
reproduction
Lesson 3 (pg. 268-275)
 Explain how organisms reproduce asexually
o Budding
o Fragmentation
 Know how many parents are involved in both asexual and sexual
reproduction
 Explain why sexual reproduction results in offspring with DNA from
mom and dad
 Explain why asexual reproduction results in offspring with DNA from
one parent only
 Identify advantages and disadvantages for asexual and sexual
reproduction
 Explain the life cycle of the jelly fish and how it is both sexual and
asexual
o Know the terms medusa, polyp and larva
 Explain internal fertilization
 Explain external fertilization and where it usually occurs
 Know what a gestation period is and why it varies
Lesson 4 (pgs. 276-287)
 Know the structures and function of the parts of an amniotic egg
o Embryo
o Amniotic Fluid
o Shell
o Yolk
o Albumin
o Allantois
 Know what the placenta does in placental mammals
 Explain what complete metamorphosis is:
o 4 stages
 Egg
 Larva
 Pupa
 Adult
 Explain what incomplete metamorphosis is:
o 3 stages
 Egg
 Nymph
 Adult
 Explain the process of metamorphosis for:
o Insects
o Be able to give examples for complete and incomplete
metamorphosis
 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for parental care or noparental care