STUDY GUIDE
CHAPTER 13 &14
WHY DID LARGE NUMBERS OF IRISH
IMMIGRATE TO THE U.S.?
• A consistent potato famine in Ireland
• Faced starvation if they remained
• Thousands fled Ireland in 1840’s-1860’s.
HOW DID PLANTATION OWNERS
MEASURE WEALTH
• Plantation owners measure wealth in
numerous ways
• Possessions in their home
• Clothing
• Number of slaves
• Number of acres owned
WHAT WAS THE IMPACT OF THE
TELEGRAPH
• The telegraph led to thousands of miles of
telegraph lines
• The telegraph eliminate distance in the
country
• Businesses increase sales and productivity
TRANSCENDENTALISTS
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• Concord Hymn
• Henry David Thoreau
• Civil Disobedience
• Marget Fuller
• Woman in the Nineteenth Century
OTHER WRITERS
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
• Song of Hiawatha
• Midnight Ride of Paul Revere
• Walt Whitman
• Leaves of Grass
• O Captain, My Captain
• Emily Dickinson
• Hope
• Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin
WHAT WAS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
INDUSTRIALIZATION AND THE GROWTH OF
CITIES?
• Industrial leaders began to locate their industry in
various areas that suited their businesses.
• People looking for work moved to those areas
• This movement led to the growth of cities as people
began to “flock” to these areas because there was
work
• Cities began to grow because people needed to
live close to where they work.
HOW DID TRANSPORTATION DEVELOP
DIFFERENTLY BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH
• The north had many more miles of railroad track as
the years passed.
• Canals and steamboats also developed.
• The South's network was short and inefficient. No
universal network linking all parts of the region.
• Cities of the Northeast and the Mid-West became
key centers of trade and transportation.
EXPLAIN REFORM/ IMPROVEMENTS IN
EDUCATION
• Horace Mann
•
•
•
•
Length school year to 6 months
Better curriculum
Better pay for teachers
Better training for teachers
• Formation of Normal Schools
• Educational Opportunities for Girls/Women
• Education for people with disabilities (blind/deaf)
TRADE UNIONS
• Organizations formed by people of
the same skill –or trade
• Formed to deal with better working
conditions
STRIKE
• refusal of workers to work
• used by Unions to improve working
conditions
YEOMEN
• Largest group of whites in the South
• Did not own slaves
• Lived in Upper South mostly
• “upland” of Deep South
• Grew crops used for resale and their own
use
• Farms ranged from 50-200 acres
SLAVE CODES
• Laws meant to control the movement of
African slaves
• Created to reduce threat of slave rebellions
• Most famous ones made teaching of slaves
to read or write a crime
SUFFRAGE
• right to vote
• Women pushed for this right in the mid1800’s
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Susan B. Anthony
• Lucretia Mott
TEMPERANCE
• Idea or practice of drinking little or no
alcohol
• Lyman Beecher- leader
• Maine
COTTON GIN
• Device invented by Eli Whitney
• Separates the seeds from the cotton fibers
• Dramatically increased use of (and value
)slaves throughout the South
OVERSEER
• A person that was part of slave life
• This individual was in charge of keeping
slaves working
• Supervised the work of slaves
MECHANICAL REAPER
• A device invented by Cyrus McCormick
• Used to cultivate wheat across the prairie
• This invention made the growing of wheat
profitable and the main economic activity
on the plains for generations.
HORACE MANN
• Leader in education movement
• Called for improvements
• Length school year to 6 months
• Better curriculum
• pay for teachers
• Better training for teachers
WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
• Leader in abolition movement
• Begins newspaper in 1830’s
• The Liberator
• Called for emancipation
• Started the New England Antislavery Society
• Started the American Antislavery Society
SOJOURNER TRUTH
• Born Isabella Baumfree
• Slave in New York
• Runaway who spoke out
against slavery
?- Famous speech
HARRIET TUBMAN
• Most famous “conductor” on the
Underground Railroad
• Black Moses
• Made numerous trips back into the South to
free other slaves
JOHN DEERE
• Invented the steel plow
• Allowed for the plowing and planting of the
Great Plains
• This invention allowed for larger farms in the
West
FREDERICK DOUGLASS
• Famous African American abolition leader
• Runaway slave from Maryland
• Worked at antislavery newspaper
• NORTH STAR
• Great speaker, traveled speaking against
slavery
ELIAS HOWE
• Invented the sewing machine
• In 1846
• Clothing could now be made faster and
cheaper
SAMUEL MORSE
• Credited with creation of the telegraph
machine
• Sent coded messages –series of dots and
dashes
• Morse Code
NAT TURNER
• African American slave who led one of the
most successful slave rebellions in U.S. History
• Occurred in Virginia
• In 1831
• Rebellion caused fear among many slave
owners
• Increased slave codes
KNOW NOTHING PARTY
• officially known as the American Party
• political party that was Anti-Immigrant/AntiCatholic
• feared the influence and power of new
immigrant groups
• Wanted to increase citizenship time
requirements
• Nativists
SENECA FALLS
• This was a meeting a women leaders in New
York in 1848
• Called for fair and equal treatment of
women
• Demanded suffrage for women