Virus and Bacteria Test Review
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cocci
Spirilla
Bacilli
Staphylococci
Streptococci
2. Gram positive bacteria – Stain dark purple with the gram stain,
Have thick peptidoglycan layer cell walls.
Gram negative bacteria – Stain light red or pink with the gram stain,
Have thin peptidoglycan layer in cell walls.
3. A virus is made up of a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) that is surrounded
by a protein coat called the capsid. Some viruses may have a lipid layer
around the capsid.
(Capsid)
Made of lipids
4. An type of archaebacteria that lives in very salty water such
As the Dead Sea.
5. A cell that doesn’t have a true nucleus (no membrane around
the DNA) and no membrane-bound organelles.
6. A viral replication cycle in which the virus infects the host cell and
destroys the host cell.
7. Bacteria that live in an environment without oxygen, oxygen will kill
them.
8. The process where bacteria that grows on the roots of legumes will
change nitrogen gas in the atmosphere into a different form (nitrates) so
that the plant can use it to make proteins.
9. A virus or bacterium that causes disease.
10. The protein coat around the nucleic acid of a virus.
11. A virus that infects bacteria cells.
12. A bacterium that usually is found in environments without oxygen,
but can also live in environments with oxygen.
13. A process where bacteria are used to clean up pollutants.
14. A form of asexual reproduction where the bacterium cell splits into 2
cells.
15. Bacteria that live in extreme, harsh environments such as hot
springs, very salty water such as the Dead Sea, arctic waters, etc. They
do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
16. A virus that uses RNA to make a copy of DNA. For example HIV
virus.
Viruses
17. Bacteria
•Living cells
•Contain cytoplasm
•Cell wall around cytoplasm
and DNA
•Reproduce through binary
fission and conjugation
•Do not have cells
•Do not have cytoplasm
•Capsid around
DNA/RNA
•Can only replicate (make
a copy of) inside a host
cell.
Contain DNA (genetic material)
Have different shapes
Can be pathogens (cause illness)
Viral DNA
1
Think ‘hijack’! Viral
DNA takes over host
cell’s DNA
Virus
2
Host cell
Host cell DNA
3
Make viral
proteins
5
Host cell
bursts
4
New viral
particles
18. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Pili
Flagellum
DNA
Cytoplasm
19. 3 – Protects the bacterium against drying out and the host white blood
cells.
4 – Play a role during conjugation, also used to stick to host cells when
infecting host.
5 – Movement
6 – Holds the genetic material of the cell.
20. It can be used to make food such as cheese and yogurt.
It can be used to make antibiotics.
It can be used to clean up pollutants such as oil spills (bioremediation)
It can be used in sewage plants to break down sewage.
Bacteria in colon help to make vitamins our bodies cannot produce by
itself.