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① What effects did the cotton gin have?
② Who patented the telegraph?
③ Name three industries in the North.
④ What were some of the major agricultural products in the South?

 Turn to page 420.
 Look at the Cotton Production
and Slavery graphs.
 Answer the “Graph Skills” questions.

 Cause: Elias Howe patented the sewing machine.
 Effect: Workers could produce clothing much faster.
 Cause: John Deere developed the light-weight steel plow.
 Effect: Faster moving horses could pull the plow.

 Cause: Samuel F. B. Morse patented the telegraph.
 Effect: News could travel to different parts of the country in a few minutes.
 Cause: An English family developed the steampowered locomotive.
 Effect: The locomotive could travel at thirty miles per hour.

 Cause: By the 1850s, the North had thousands of miles of railroad track.
 Effect: Railroads connected far off places and increased commerce in the US.
 Cause: American clipper ships were developed in the 1840s.
 Effect: The United States’ international commerce increased.

 Cause: Northern factories began using steam power instead of water power.
 Effect: Factories could be built anywhere.
 Effect (2): The new machines lowered production costs.

Cause Effect
-The South could grow enough cotton to meet demand
-Removing cotton seeds by hand was a very slow process
-Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin that could separate seeds from the fibers
-The cotton gin led to a boom in cotton production and a boom in northern industries
-Planters had to find new land to cultivate
-Slavery spread further throughout the
South
-The South was an agricultural society and slaves bought few goods
-Demand for manufactured goods in the
South was not as great as in the North
-Southern industry remained small -The South depended on the North and
Europe for most of its manufactured goods

 Turn to page 425.
 Look at the Southern Society in
1860 chart.
 Answer the questions under
“Graphic Organizer Skills.”

Whites
Working conditions
North
-Factory owners
-Artisans-skilled workers
-Business owners
-Factory workers
-Long hours
-Families worked together
-Dangerous machines
Efforts to improve conditions/r esistance
African
Americans
-Trade unions formed
-Strikes
-Women treated different from men
-Could not vote
-No equal rights
-Some were successful
South
-Wealthy planter-owned more than 20 slaves
-Small farmer-about 75% of white society
-Poor farmer-rented land they worked
-Varied by plantation
-Slaves worked up to 16 hours per day
-Small farmers worked along with their slaves
-Slaves broke tools, destroyed crops, and stole food
-Slaves tried to escape
-Faced slave codes-could not:
-Gather in grps. of more than 3
-Own guns
-Learn to read or write

 Turn to page 440.
 Read An American Profile-
Frederick Douglass.
 Answer the question with the reading.

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 Men, women, and children were crammed together
 Debtors were kept in prison
 Dorothea Dix called for reforms:
 The mentally ill were put in hospitals
 New prisons built
 Cruel punishments banned
 Debtors not treated as criminals

 Alcohol was available in many places
 Women led the way in reforms
 Some groups urged people to drink less
 Some states banned the sale of alcohol

 MA was the first state with free public education
 States built new schools and made school year longer
 By the 1850s, most northern states had free elementary schools
 Some African Americans founded schools for themselves
 Some people opened schools for students with disabilities

 Quakers taught that slavery was evil
 Abolitionists wanted to end slavery
 Frederick Douglass-escaped slavery and founded an anti-slavery newspaper=North Star
 William Lloyd Garrison-white abolitionist who published an influential paper=The Liberator

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 Some feared losing southern cotton
 Workers feared free
African Americans would take their jobs
 Slave owners claimed slaves were better off than factory workers
 Southerners believed slavery was essential to the economy

Elizabeth
Cady Stanton
-She helped organize the Seneca Falls
Convention
Susan B.
Anthony
-Traveled across the US speaking out for women’s rights
Seneca Falls
Convention
-In NY, began the women’s rights movement
-Called for equality at work, school, and church
New
Education
Opportunities
-New schools opened
-Some colleges began admitting women