Benchmark Test Study Guide
Year in Review
All living organisms are
composed of cells
• Cells are the fundamental units of life and
carry out all life processes
• *growth
*reproduction
• *respond to stimuli
*use energy (food)
• *use water
*eliminate waste
• *exchange gases (CO2-O2 cycle)
• Plant Cell
Plant vs. Animal
BOTH
Animal Cell
Cell Membrane
• define
Chloroplast and Chlorophyll
Define
used in photosynthesis
Processes
• Photosynthesis write the formula
• Cellular respiration write the formula
• Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide cycle
Unicellular vs. Multicellular
• Most organisms on Earth are unicellular (1 cell)
•
all ________, most _______, & some _______
• Multicellular have more than one cell
•
some _______, most ______, all _______ & ______
• Levels of organization of Multicellular organisms
•
• EX:
• EX:
Sexual vs Asexual
• Sexual
• Two parents
•
egg & sperm
• Offspring genetic combo
of parents
Internal vs External
*
*
*
*
*
Asexual
One parent
Offspring identical
to parent
Examples
*
*
*
Flowering Plants
• Flowering plants reproduce sexually.
• Know the 3 steps in pollination
• Vascular system is similar to Circulatory system
•
(Draw and label)
Human Body Systems
• KNOW the steps/ processes for how the systems work
together.
• Digestive and Circulatory
• Circulatory and Respiratory
• Muscular and Nervous
• Mechanical and Chemical digestion (CR)
Respond to Stimuli
• Cold _____________
• Hungry___________
• Frightened__________
hot____________
thirsty_________
Common Diseases
•
•
•
•
•
•
Disease
Cold
Flu
Strep throat
Dysentery
Athlete’s foot
Casue
Treatment
Ecosystems
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Abiotic
Non-living
Light
Water
Temperature
Soil
Air
Biotic
Living
producers
consumers
decomposer
scavenger
Limiting Factors
Controls #/types
amt of food/water/space
disease
competition
reproduction/death
predator-prey
• Vocabulary words:
*carrying capacity
*invader species
•
•
•
•
Humans Affect an Ecosystem
Harm: Negative (BAD)
*deforestation
*pollution
*channelization
• Benefit: Positive (help)
• *recycling
• *stabilize riverbanks
*overpopulation
*global warming
*depleting resources
*restoration of habitat
*re-introduce species
Natural Environmental Changes
• Change
Harmful
Invader species
outcompetes natives
uses nutrients
no predators
grows too fast
Forest fire
kills plants & animas
destroys habitats
Benefit
None
clears away low
plants for new growth
Food Webs
Know that energy travels from producer to consumers
Be able to draw and label a food web: P, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, D
Know the role of decomposers
Adaptations
• Be able to identify that adaptations help an
organism survive:
• Color
• Behavior
• Body structure
camouflage, warning
rituals, warning calls,
shell, hollow bones, gills/ fins
hollow hair, beaks, thick seed
Fossil Record
•
•
•
•
The fossil record shows evidence:
How types of organisms lived in the past
Some organisms have become extinct
Have similarities/ differences with organisms
living today
• EX: trilobite and rolly-polly
•
dinosaurs
Scientific Investigations
• Know the parts: IV, DV, constants
• TQ: How does changing IV affect DV?
•
Which level of IV will change the DV?
• Hyothesis: If the IV is _____, then the DV will
_____ than…..
• Conclusion: When the IV was____, the DV was
______ because…..
Scientific Investigations cont’
• Create/ interpret a data table with a title
• Calculate average
• Graph (TAILS) the average data