Livelihoods Support Systems in
Jharkhand Watersheds
Challenges in rural
Livelihoods
• 80-85% area is under rain-fed mono crop, low productivity
for all major crops
• Only 10.20% of net sown area is irrigated
• 46% of the population lives below the poverty line.
• Low awareness among farming community about modern
agricultural practices
• Lack of on input, technological extension and marketing
services
• 59.40% of employment comes from agriculture and allied
sector and contributes 21.70% of GSDP
• About 12.5% of households do not get two square meals a
day (NSSO, 55th Round)
• State is mineral rich, however contributes only 3% of rural
employments
• Only 75.4% of households have safe drinking water and
16.8% have toilet facility.
• 15.2% households have electricity connection
Rate of Unemployment in Jharkhand (%)
Rural Area
Urban Area
Overall
44.9
42.2
29.9
24.5
27.4
22.4
7.4
Male
4.7
Female
6.9
total
Mr. Mallikarjun Kharge, Hon’ble union minster of labour and employment
informed Rajya sabha on the basis of Labour Bureau’s Survey March
2010
Status of Employment in
Jharkhand (%)
63.8
37.5
Total
Workforce
36.2
Total Main
Worker
Marginal
Worker
Main Worker: those who were engaged in any economically productive activity
for 183 days (or six months) or more during the year.
Marginal Workers: those who worked for less than 183 days (or six months).
SOURCE: Jharkhand Youth Policy 2007
Livelihood definition
Livelihood
means
support;
subsistence,
occupation or employment ; means of living
especially of earning enough money to feed the
family and meets basic survival needs.
– Meaningfully occupied
– Cope with risk and shocks
– Sustainable
– With dignity
Livelihood system in WS – a
paradigm shift in the focus of
mainstream watershed
programme towards the
marginalized.
…an attempt to reverse
the vicious cycle of
poverty, assetlessness,
vulnerability, debt and
exclusion…..
Livelihood Assessment
Felt Needs
Survey in
Villages
Resources
Skills
Technology
Finance
Infrastructure
Support
Services
Demand Pattern
Market survey
• Own Village
– Shop
– Trader
– Vendor
• Local Market
• Town Market
• Export to other
cities/ countries
Prioritization
Identification
of Viable
Activities
Sustainable
Activities
Project Support
• Handholding
services
• Training
• Exposures
• Infrastructure
• Risk and
shocks bearing
Livelihoods Support Services
• Financial services
– Credit/Savings/insurances
• Business Development Services
– Inputs/marketing/skill development
• Institution development services
– Formation and strengthening of CBOs
– Technical and hand holding support
Livelihood approaches
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Enterprise at individual level
Skill up gradation approaches
Micro watershed approaches
Cluster approaches/ Federation
Convergence with other schemes and agencies
Livelihood Initiatives
• Initiatives to improve quality of life
• Food Security
• Sanitation
• Health
• Literacy
• Awareness
• Skill
• Income generating activities
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Land based
Pisciculture
Livestock
NTFP/MFP
Land and Water based Management &
Livelihoods Linkage
AFFOESTATION/
PLANTATION
AGRICULTURE
In-situ moisture
conservation
NTFP
NRM based
Livelihood
FISHERY
Animal
Husbandry
Major possible rural livelihood
opportunities in Jharkhand
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Non Timber Forest Produce (NTFP)
Lac Cultivation
Tassar Cultivation
Mushroom Cultivation
Vermi Compost
Bamboo Basket Making/ Incense stick rolling
Bidi rolling
Animal Husbandry
Food processing
Road -side mechanics/ Bare foot mechanic
Bio gas
Tree plantation/ agro forestry/ horticulture
Nursery raising through shed net/poly house.
Medicinal plants
Lac cultivation
• Two crops per year can be
taken up. 2 varities are
reared Kusumi Lac and
Rangeeni Lac. Rangeeni lac
(Palash and Ber) is mounted
in the month of October and
can be harvested in the
month of February.
•Rangeeni lac yields 8 to 10
Kg/tree and income pre tree
will be Rs.400 to Rs.500.
• Brood lac is mounted in the
month of JULY on the host
plants. May be harvested in
the month of FEB.
• kusum tree produces 100
kg of Lac per plant.
• A commercial Kusum lac
stick may fetch Rs: 300-350.
• 600 farmers are the
beneficiaries of lac
cultivation.
•Farmers are getting an
income of Rs. 6000 to
Rs.7000 per Kusum tree.
TASSAR AS
LIVELIHOOD
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TASSAR is a bivoltine
sericulture reared on Arjun and
Assan trees. (june-july and
oct-nov season).
Cocoon gets ready for harvest
after 45 days for seed crop. 90
days for commercial crops
One DFL may produce 70-80
cocoons
One cocoon will fetch Rs : 1-2.
One farmer will be given 100
DFLs
These DFLs reared on 150- 200
trees.
Approximately 7000 cocoons
shall be harvested.
Cost of DFL and spray will cost
Rs: 800
Gross Income of Rs: 1050014000
Teak Plantation
• Teak seedlings are raised
through root /shoot cutting.
• 1,32,000 teak seedlings
planted in 132 acres on
farmers land.
•These seedlings have been
planted in the month of July
2011 and attained the size of
2.5- 4 cm girth, after 10 years
expected value of each tree
would be Rs.12,000-15,000
• Total no. of farmers involved
is 332 and more numbers of
farmer are joining this activity
Potato seed
Production
• Breeder seed- Foundation
seed 1- Foundation seed 2Certified seed- Truthful seed.
• Seed sowing from October to
November.
• 8-10 Qtl per acre is the seed
rate.
• Production 120-150 Qtl per
acre.
• varieties: kufri chandramukhi,
sundri, jyoti, lalima etc.
• Successfully piloted with 30
farmers last year, now ready
for up scaling
Low Cost Tree
Gabion
SRI Paddy
Bio Gas
Distribution of Solar
Mango Orchard development
through Women SHGs at Gumla
Inspection of Mango Orchard
development at Bedo block, Ranchi
District
Livelihoods promotion
Mushroom Cultivation
Mushroom considered as a viable business activity for the
‘poor’
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Low investment
Low gestation period
Low risk
High return
use of agriculture by products
Ready market
Presence of resource organization with technical know-how
Mushroom Cultivation
Vegetable Nursery Raising
through Women SHGs under
Shednet at Chuchu, Hazaribagh
Drip Irrigation and Nursury
raising in East Singhbhum
District
SHG Training on stitching at East Singhbhum
Solar Service Station at Getalsud, Ranchi under
Convergence between TERI (Lighting of billion lives)
Diploma in Watershed Management course inauguration
in October 2011 by Honorable Deputy chief minister of
Jharkhand
Masonry, Carpentry, Bar-bending Skill Training Programme
under convergence through GVT and L&T at Bedo Ranchi
Masonry, Carpentry, Bar-bending Skill Training Programme
under convergence through GVT and L&T at Bedo Ranchi
DUCKARY AS
LIVELIHOOD
• Duckling Hatchery facility of
6000 capacity is with RKM
•One month old ducklings sold
@ Rs 150/ ( Khaki Cambel)
•Duck starts giving eggs from
six months to 2 -3 years and
gives 500 -600 eggs.
•IWMP distributes 10 (2 male
and 8 female) ducks to an
individual.
•66 individuals are getting
benefits.
•Cost of rearing per bird
including vet care is Rs:200
•Net income per bird per year
will be Rs:1000
Goat Rearing through
breed improvement
•The viable unit includes 1 male
(Beetel breed) will service 50
Female
•A female produces 10 to 14 Kids
in her life span.
• A kid matures in 1½ years with
weight approximately 18 Kg.
• Considering per kg rate =Rs.200,
a goat sells at Rs.3600 to Rs.4000.
•Feeding and other cost comes to e
Rs. 400/Goat
•Per year per income will be Rs.
2700 per goat
•10 Beetel procured and introduced
in IWMP villages in Hazaribagh
district and managed by SHG
Series of loose boulder check dams with support of bamboo at
East Singhbhum for prevention of soil erosion
Series of loose boulder check dams with support of bamboo at
East Singhbhum for prevention of soil erosion
Bamboo basket making by local Turis at East Singhbhum
Jalminar under EPA in Kulhi Microwatershed)
Convergence with other Departments and
schemes for livelihood activities
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BAU/ IGNOU-Diploma in watershed management
L&T and GVT-SGSY
National Bamboo Mission
National Horticulture Mission
MGNREGS
Horticulture and Agro-Forestry Research Programme
(HARP)
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)/ Zonal Research Station (ZRS)
Jharcraft
RKVY
Fishery
BRGF
NABARD
NIRD and SIRD
Other Vos/ NGOs etc
Few suggestions
• DPR is prepared through Participatory Net Planning using GIS
based digitization of proposed activities on village map.
• It is proposed that a systematic convergence plan for MGNREGS,
BRGF and RKVY should also be prepared and given to the
respective agencies for implementation .
• DWM course materials provided by IGNOU shall be translated in to
Hindi.
• All livelihood interventions will be based on the Business plan and
RUDSETI and Banks shall also hand hold the Beneficiaries.
• Integrated NRM based livelihood pilot project, to be planned with
the special support from GoI
• Creation of Marketing infrastructure of products and services.
Thanks
Jharkhand State Watershed
Mission
Phone No - 0651 – 2403019 /
2407019
Fax–0651-2401974,
rddjharkhand.slna@gmail.com
Website – www.jswm.nic.in