NDLTD
Resources & Projects
ETD 2006 U.S. Regional Conference
St. Louis, Missouri
October 27-28, 2006
Edward A. Fox,
Executive Director, NDLTD
fox@vt.edu
http://fox.cs.vt.edu
Outline
Acknowledgements
Info Life Cycle, DLs, 5S, DL Curric, OAI
ETDs and NDLTD
Partnerships, Union Catalog, Access,
Preservation, Research
Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgements
• All those working with ETDs
• NDLTD, including Board,
Committees, and Members
• ETD 2006 US Regional Conference
Team
• Sponsors
• Presenters, Attendees
Acknowledgements: ETD Mtgs
• 1987 mtg in Ann Arbor: UMI, VT, …
• 1992 mtg in Washington, DC: CNI, CGS, UMI, VT and 10
universities with 3 reps each
• 1993 mtg in Atlanta to start Monticello Electronic Library
(regional, US Southeast): SURA, SOLINET
• 1994 mtg at VT: std: PDF + SGML + multimedia objects
• 1996 funding by SURA, US Dept. of Education (FIPSE)
• 1997 meetings in UK, Germany, ...
• 1998 – 1st symposium – Memphis (20)
• 1999 – 2nd symposium – Blacksburg (70)
• 2000 – 3rd symposium – St. Petersburg (225)
• 2001 – 4th symposium – Caltech (200)
• 2002 – 5th symposium – BYU, Provo, Utah
• 2003 – 6th symposium – Berlin (215)
• 2004 – 7th symposium – U. Kentucky
• 2005 – 8th symposium – Sydney, Australia
• 2006 – 9th symposium – Quebec City, Canada
Acknowledgements:
Future ETD Conferences
• 2007 – 10th symposium
– Uppsala University, Sweden
– 13-16 June
• 2008 – 11th symposium
– Dartington College of Arts, Devon, UK
– 29 June – 2 July (tentative)
Outline
Acknowledgements
Info Life Cycle, DLs, 5S, DL Curric, OAI
ETDs and NDLTD
Partnerships, Union Catalog, Access,
Preservation, Research
Summary and Conclusions
Information
Life
Cycle
Borgman et al.:
Workshop Report on
Social Aspects of
Digital Libraries:
http://www-lis.gseis.
ucla.edu/DL/
Information Life Cycle
Authoring
Modifying
Using
Creating
Retention
/ Mining
Organizing
Indexing
Accessing
Filtering
Storing
Retrieving
Distributing
Networking
Quality and the Information Life Cycle
Active
Accurac
y
Comple
teness
Conform
ance
Timeliness
Similarity
Preservability
Describing
Organizing
Indexing
Authoring
Modifying
Semi-Active
Pertinence
Retention
Significance
Mining
Creation
Accessibility
Storing
Accessing
Timeliness
Filtering
Utilization
Archiving
Distribution
Seeking
Discard
Inactive
Searching
Browsing
Recommending
Relevance
Ac
ce
s si
b
Networking Pr
ese ility
rva
bil
ity
E: Ellis’ model
K: Kuhlthau’s model
E1:starting
Digital Libraries (DLs) -- Objectives
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World Lit.: 24hr / 7day / from desktop
Ubiquitous
Integrated “super” information systems
Usable, Useful
Higher Quality, Lower Cost
Education, Knowledge Sharing, Discovery
Disintermediation -> Collaboration
Universities Reclaim Property
Interactive Courseware, Student Works
Informal 5S & DL Definitions
DLs are complex systems that
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help satisfy info needs of users (societies)
provide info services (scenarios)
organize info in usable ways (structures)
present info in usable ways (spaces)
communicate info with users (streams)
A Minimal DL in the 5S Framework
Streams
Structured
Stream
Structures
Spaces
Structural
Metadata
Specification
Scenarios
Societies
services
Descriptive
Metadata
Specification
indexing
browsing searching
hypertext
Digital Object
Collection
Metadata Catalog
Repository
Minimal DL
Infrastructure Services
Repository-Building
Creational
Preservational
Acquiring
Cataloging
Crawling (focused)
Describing
Digitizing
Federating
Harvesting
Purchasing
Submitting
Conserving
Converting
Copying/Replicating
Emulating
Renewing
Translating (format)
Add
Value
Annotating
Classifying
Clustering
Evaluating
Extracting
Indexing
Measuring
Publicizing
Rating
Reviewing (peer)
Surveying
Translating
(language)
Information
Satisfaction
Services
Browsing
Collaborating
Customizing
Filtering
Providing access
Recommending
Requesting
Searching
Visualizing
DL Curriculum Development Project
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Collaborative Research launched by:
- Department of Computer Science,
Virginia Tech
- School of Information and Library
Science, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill
•
Three year (2006 - 2008) funded project
DL Topics in 19 Modules (original)
OAI = Technical Umbrella for
Practical Interoperability…
Reference
Libraries
Museums
Publishers
E-Print
Archives
…that can be exploited by different communities
OAI – Repository Perspective
Required: Protocol
MDO
MDO
MDO
MDO
MDO
MDO
MDO
MDO
DO
DO
DO
DO
OAI – Black Box Perspective
OA 7
OA 4
OA 2
OA 1
OA 3
OA 6
OA 5
The World According to OAI
Service Providers
Discovery
Current
Awareness
Data Providers
Preservation
Outline
Acknowledgements
Info Life Cycle, DLs, 5S, DL Curric, OAI
ETDs and NDLTD
Partnerships, Union Catalog, Access,
Preservation, Research
Summary and Conclusions
ETDs: History of Rationales
• EPub: SGML, Electronic Manuscript Project
• Graduate Education: Reach next generation
of researchers, educators, leaders
• DL: Testbed, demonstration, case study
• Institutional Repository: Good place to start
since is easy, inexpensive, beneficial, and
can be extended to lead to other beneficial
activities
The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
www.NDLTD.org
Training Authors
Expanding Access
Preserving Knowledge
Improving Graduate Education
Enhancing Scholarly Communication
Empowering Students & Universities
Leader of the Worldwide ETD
(Electronic Thesis and Dissertation) Initiative
Q uickTim e™ and a
Cinepak decom pr essor
ar e needed t o see t his pict ur e.
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-2227102539751141/
NDLTD: How can a
university get involved?
• Select planning/implementation team
– Graduate School
– Library
– Computing / Information Technology
– Institutional Research / Educ. Tech.
• Join as a member
• Adapt a proven approach
– Build interest and consensus
– Start trial / allow optional submission
NDLTD Goals
• For Students:
– Gain knowledge and skills for the Information Age,
especially about Digital Libraries
– Richer communication (digital info, multimedia, …)
• For Universities:
– Easy way to enter the digital library field and benefit
• For the World:
– Global digital library – large, useful, many services
• Generally:
– Save time and money
– Increased visibility for all associated with university
research results
Some Countries
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Argentina
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Chile
China, Hong Kong
Columbia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
India
Italy
Jamaica
Korea
Lithuania
Malaysia
Mexico
Namibia
Netherlands
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Namibia
Netherlands
Norway
Peru
Poland
Russia
Singapore
S. Africa
S. Korea
Spain
Sudan
Sweden
Switzerland
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
UK
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
USA
Venezuela
Yugoslavia
Selected Projects / Sponsors
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Australia (ADT)
Brazil (BDT, IBICT)
Canada
Catalunya
Chile (Cybertesis)
China (CALIS)
Germany
India (Vidyanidhi)
Korea
OhioLINK: 79
colleges/univs
• Portugal (National
Library)
• South Africa
• Texas Digital Library
• UK (British Library,
JISC, Edinburgh, …)
• UNESCO (especially
Latin America,
Eastern Europe,
Africa)
• …
NDLTD Members - 1
Association Research Libraries
Ball State University
Brigham Young University
Government of Canada
Griffith University
John Hopkins University
California Institute of Tech.
Consorci de Biblioteques
Universitàries de Catalunya
Kauno Technologijos
Universitetas
Louisiana State University
Georg August Universität
Göttingen
George Washington University
Georgetown University
L'Université du Québec à
Rimouski
McGill University
New Jersey Institute of
Technology
Ohio University
Oregon State U. Library
Georgia Institute of Technology
Georgia Southern University
Georgia State University
NDLTD Members - 2
Penn State University
U. Maine
Pontifícia U. Católica do Rio de Janeiro
U. Missouri
Portugal National Library
U. New Orleans
Rhodes University
U. North Texas
Rita Chu (individual)
U. Pittsburgh
Simon Fraser University
U. Pretoria
State of Kansas
U. Southern Florida
Texas Tech University
U. Tennessee
Triangle Research Lib. Net.
U. Waterloo
U. de las Américas, Puebla
Uppsala Universitet
Universität St. Gallen
Utah Academic Library Assn.
U. Alabama at Birmingham
Virginia Commonwealth U.
U. Arizona
Virginia Tech
U. Glasgow
West Virginia U. Libraries
U. Hong Kong
Worcester Polytechnic Inst.
U. Kentucky
Yale University
NDLTD Member Support
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Annual conference (…, Germany, …, Sweden, UK)
ETD-L – listserv for discussion
Union catalog
Services for access: VT, OCLC, VTLS, Scirus,
Google Scholar, …
• Information for ETD projects
– Standards, documentation (Guide, Marcel Dekker book)
• Advocacy for ETD activities worldwide
• …
NDLTD Incorporation
• Networked Digital Library of Theses and
Dissertations incorporated May 20, 2003 in
Virginia, USA
• Charitable and educational purposes (501 c 3)
• Officers
– Executive Director (Ed Fox)
– Secretary (Gail McMillan)
– Treasurer (Scott Eldredge)
Board of Directors
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Suzie Allard (ETD2004, U. Kentucky)
Denise A. D. Bedford (World Bank)
Julia C. Blixrud (ARL, SPARC)
José Luis Borbinha (Natl Lib Portugal)
Alex Byrne (ETD2005, ADT: Australia)
Tony Cargnelutti (ETD2005, Australia)
Vinod Chachra (VTLS)
William Clark (Ohio State U.)
Susan Copeland (RGU, UK)
Jude Edminster (Bowling Green St. U.)
Scott Eldredge (Treasurer, ETD2002,
BYU)
Edward A. Fox (Exec Director,Virginia
Tech)
John H. Hagen (West Virginia U.)
Thomas B. Hickey (OCLC)
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Christine Jewell (U. Waterloo, Canada)
Joan K. Lippincott (CNI)
Austin McLean (ProQuest)
Gail McMillan (Secretary, Virginia Tech)
Joseph Moxley (ETD2000, USF)
Eva Müller (U. Uppsala, Sweden)
Ana Pavani (PUC Rio, Brazil)
Sharon Reeves (Nat’l Library Canada)
Janice Rickards (chair of ADT)
Peter Schirmbacher (ETD2003,
Humboldt)
Samson Soong (Hong Kong U. Science
& Technology)
Hussein Suleman (U.Cape Town, S.
Africa)
Shalini R. Urs (U. Mysore, India)
Eric F. Van de Velde (ETD2001, Caltech)
Ellen Wagner (Adobe)
NDLTD Committees (Chairs)
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Awards (John Hagen)
Conferences (Sharon Reeves)
Development (Peter Schirmbacher)
Executive (Edward Fox)
Finance (Scott Eldredge)
Implementation (Ana Pavani)
Membership (Eric F. Van de Velde )
Nominating (Joan Lippincott)
Standards (Thomas B. Hickey)
Union Catalog (Vinod Chachra)
NDLTD Committee Activities
• Implementation
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How to apply standards?
How to coordinate a national program?
How to launch a pilot project?
How to train students regarding copyright, digital
libraries, electronic publishing, preservation, …?
• Membership, Member Support, Public Relations
– How to clarify and publicize member services?
– How to double membership in 2 years?
– Sub-committees for regional member support?
• Please join / update your Member Info!
Standards
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PDF -> PDF/A
SGML, XML, XML DTDs, XML Schema
Multimedia
References -> Reference List for CrossRef
Packaging -> METS -> Ease Role of
Search Engines
Outline
Acknowledgements
Info Life Cycle, DLs, 5S, DL Curric, OAI
ETDs and NDLTD
Partnerships, Union Catalog, Access,
Preservation, Research
Summary and Conclusions
Partnerships
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UMI/ProQuest
Adobe, IBM, Microsoft, …
UNESCO
OCLC
VTLS
Ex Libris
Scirus
Google
UNESCO and ETDs
(by Axel Plathe at ETD2003)
• Promoting the use of the Internet as a tool for disseminating
scientific knowledge
• Facilitating the transfer of ETD expertise from developed to
developing countries
• 1998: Member of the NDLTD Steering Committee
• 1999: First UNESCO ETD meeting on ETD
internationalisation
• 2002: “UNESCO Guide to Electronic Theses and
Dissertations”
• 2003: Model training programmes and training courses
• 2003: Sponsor pilot projects
• 2003: Pilot projects (Africa, Europe, Latin-America)
Union catalog: OCLC
• OCLC runs OAI data provider on TDs.
• Is getting data from WorldCat (so, from
many sites!).
• Harvests from all others who contact them
(see Thom Hickey).
• Need DC and either ETD-MS or MARC.
• Need a set for ETDs, or separate data
provider.
OCLC SRU Interface
ETD Union Search Mirror Site in China (CALIS)
(http://ndltd.calis.edu.cn – popular site!)
VTLS
• VTLS offers its free VALET system to
manage ETDs at institutions, building
upon Fedora, as well as VTLS software.
• VTLS runs a service provider atop the
Union Catalog. It supports multilingual
access through the interface, to metadata.
VTLS Content Languages

The VTLS service has data in 6 different languages.
These are:
 English
 German
 Greek
 Korean
 Portuguese
 Spanish

Examples follow
Language = German; hits = 137
Full record display
Expansion of Full-text Services
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Running since Sept 2005: Scirus
In beta test: Google Scholar
Next: Microsoft ?
Challenges:
– Broadening the coverage since OAI use has not
spread as widely as we would like
– Understanding use, throughout life cycle
– Data and DL services quality problems
– Inconsistency in way to get from metadata to the fulltext file(s)
– Cross-language information retrieval
Google Co-op, Custom Search Engines
Preservation Information
• Henry M. Gladney, Ph.D. (408)867-5454
http://home.pacbell.net/hgladney
• A book, "Preserving Digital Information" is to be
available approximately February 2007. See
• http://www.springer.com/east/home?SGWID=5102-22-1736779190&changeHeader=true&SHORTCUT=www.sprin
ger.com/3-540-37886-3
• http://home.pacbell.net/hgladney/PDI_front.pdf
LOCKSS for ETDs
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Lots of copies keep stuff safe
Stanford (Vicky Reich)
Initial content: journals
Experiments, studies of Int’l ETD service
– Humboldt, PUC Rio, U. Cape Town, VT, …
• Production service?
User Expertise Years
Users' Expertise in Years
200
180
160
120
100
80
60
40
20
Years
50
35
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
Users
140
17 xx
18 xx
19 0x
19 1x
19 2x
19 3x
19 4x
19 5x
19 6x
19 7x
19 8x
19 90
19 91
19 92
19 93
19 94
19 95
19 96
19 97
19 98
19 99
20 00
20 01
20 02
20 03
20 04
20 05
20 06
error
Date Stamp of ETD
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
Year
Supply-Demand Comparison
1 Architecture
and Design
ETD Resources and User Demands (Number of Queries) in NDLTD
50%
ETDs
Demands
2 Law
45%
3 Medicine,
Nursing and
Veterinary
Medicine
40%
35%
30%
4 Arts and
Science
25%
20%
5 Engineering
and Applied
Science
15%
10%
5%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
Academic Categories
6
7
8
6 Business
and
Commerce
7 Education
8 Others.
(unclassifiabl
e)
NDLTD cross-language problem
Language
Number
English
123,696
Portuguese
11434
German
4131
French
3868
Spanish
1561
Chinese
1463
Catalan
804
Others
19962 (most unclassified)
Total
166919 (summer’05)
Example concept map
Ryan Richardson solution to NDLTD
cross-language problem
The Concept Map: From learning tool to cross-language
knowledge discovery tool
4. More advanced techniques for concept map creation
ETD of Hussein Suleman’s ETD Chapter 5
4. More advanced techniques for concept map
creation
Concept map with 65 nodes
4. More advanced techniques for concept map creation
Same concept map pruned down to 15 nodes
4. More advanced techniques for concept map
creation
Detail of ToC maps for ETD by Suleman
4. More advanced techniques for concept map creation
Detail of Relex map showing relationship between
‘OAI’ and ‘bandwidth’
4. More advanced techniques for concept map creation
Detail of ToC maps showing 1st sentence of section 2.8.
Outline
Acknowledgements
Info Life Cycle, DLs, 5S, DL Curric, OAI
ETDs and NDLTD
Partnerships, Union Catalog, Access,
Preservation, Research
Summary and Conclusions
Summary and Conclusions
(Editorial: ETDs & NDLTD progressing well!)
Summary Words and Phrases
Crossing the Chasm
Steps
Spirit of NDLTD
Selected Links
Conference Summary Words - 1
accessibility
aggregation
alert
annotate
archive
arts
attitudes
authentication
authoring
authorization
automation
browse
catalog
collaboration
community
components
context
conversion
customer
decentralized
digitize
discourse
discovery
dissemination
DSpace
federated
Fedora
global
grid
economic
harvesting
ingest
innovation
institutional
integrity
interaction
Conference Summary Words - 2
interchange
interoperability
knowledge
LOCKSS
management
metadata
national
OCR
organization
partnership
PDF (/A)
podcasting
portal
preservation
provider
regional
repository
retrieval
scalability
Scirus
search
server
service
sharing
standardization
strategic
student
summarization
sustainable
testimonial
toolkit
training
tutorial
Unicode
usable
VALET
XML
XSLT
workflow
Conference Summary Phrases - 1
alumni development
always on
business model
concept map
content management
copyright compliance
cost effective
Creative Commons
creative material
cross language
dark archive
developing country
digital library
digital rights management
digital signature
disruptive technology
document model
Dublin Core
Conference Summary Phrases - 2
e-knowledge
e-publishing
e-research
e-science
full text
Google Scholar
institutional repository
LDAP server
learning object
mandatory deposit
Million Book Project
national initiative
Net Gen
OAI PMH
online digital studio
open access
Open Archives Initiative
open source
Conference Summary Phrases - 3
persistent identifiers
postgraduate research
public domain
restricted access
retrospective conversion
scholarly communication
server log
service oriented architecture
social network
stepping stone
subject gateway
survey data
union catalog
unlocking IP
user centered
value added
voluntary participation
walking the talk
web based
web services
Journal?
• Joseph Moxley [moxley@cas.usf.edu]
• JET / JED: Journal of Electronic Theses and
Dissertations
• JODLAR: Journal of Digital Libraries and
Repositories
• Publisher: ?
• Columns / Sections
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Project Case Studies
Standards, Technologies, Best Practices
Software, Systems, Services
Statistics, Surveys, Analytical Studies
Steps
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Join NDLTD
Launch initiative, dialog, encourage
Pilot -> requirement
OAI data provider
Log, survey, analyze, improve
Attend ETD xx
Help other sites
Serve on NDLTD committees
Extend services: preservation, inst. rep., …
Spirit of NDLTD
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Help make a better (smaller) world
Win-win-win (everyone can benefit)
Have fun helping others
Helpers/teachers learn more than those they work
with
• Build on standards
• ETDs are preservable, popular, expressive, “better”
• Doable, feasible, learnable, affordable, sharable
• Please join/support NDLTD!
Selected Links - http://fox.cs.vt.edu
• NDLTD (electronic theses and dissertations
worldwide)
– www.ndltd.org and etdguide.org
– http://fox.cs.vt.edu/etd-search.htm
• DL curriculum - http://curric.dlib.vt.edu/wiki,
http://curric.dlib.vt.edu/DLcurric.html
• Virginia Tech Digital Library Research
Laboratory (DLRL, www.dlib.vt.edu)