Social Studies 10R – Mr. Berman
Aim #6: How did Italian leaders use Nationalism to create a unified Italy?
Theme for this week: The effect of Nationalism on Europe in the mid to late 19th century.
How did nationalism help certain areas in Europe to come together as united, independent
countries (like Italy and Germany), and how did it tear apart some of the largest empires in
Europe (like the Austrian Empire, Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire?
I. Italy after the Congress of Vienna (1815) → Divided into separate states and
kingdoms
A. Austria →
B. Spain →
II. Background to Unification → Rise of intense nationalism from 1815-1840’s
A. Giuseppe Mazzini – Led nationalist group called
• Had a dream to create an independent, united
• Attempted to create a Roman
• The “
(1831)
.
→ failed!
“ of Italian unification
III. Unification of Northern Italy (1850’s)
A. Kingdom of
– Largest and strongest Italian kingdom.
B. Led by King Victor Emmanuel II
C. Prime Minister
The “
: Known to be “cunning” (sly, tricky, very smart).
“ of Italian unification.
D. Strategy: To conquer Venetia and Lombardy from
.
“…Therefore, if we so ardently desire the emancipation [unification] of Italy—if we declare that in the face of this
great question all the petty questions that divide us must be silenced—it is not only that we may see our country
glorious and powerful but that above all we may elevate her in intelligence and moral development up to the plane
of the most civilized nations…”
-Camillo di Cavour (1846)
According to Cavour, what would be one positive result of Italian unification?
E.
agrees to help Piedmont-Sardinia fight Austria.
F. Piedmont-Sardinia wins, takes over
(1858)!
G. Other states in the North now want to join Piedmont-Sardinia. Why?
H. Result - A unified northern Italian kingdom!
IV. Unification of Southern Italy (May 1860)
A.
known as the “
– Wants to free Sicily from Spain. Led a nationalist army
.”
“Italians!...It is the duty of every Italian to succor [help the Sicilian rebels] with words, money, and arms, and above
all, in person…
The misfortunes of Italy arise from the indifference of one province to the fate of others. The redemption of Italy
began from the moment that men of the same land ran to help their distressed brothers…
A band of those who fought with me the country’s battles marches with me to the fight. Good and generous, they
will fight for their country to the last drop of their blood, nor ask for other reward than a clear conscience….
To arms! Let me put an end, once and for all, to the miseries of so many centuries. Prove to the world that it is no
lie that Roman generations inhabited this land.”
-Giuseppe Garibaldi 1860
According to Garibaldi, what is the duty of every Italian? How does his speech demonstrate
nationalism?
B. Eventually took control of Southern Italy and headed north.
C. Garibaldi is the “
“ of Italian unification.
V. Unification of Northern and Southern Italy (1860)
A. Cavour arranges a meeting between Victor Emmanuel and Garibaldi in Naples.
B. Garibaldi steps aside in favor of Victor Emmanuel becoming the new king of a unified
Italy.