“The more Indians we
can kill this year, the
less will have to be
killed the next war.”
-General William
Tecumseh Sherman
Native Americans
Policy toward Native Americans changed over
time
# the 4 policy changes 1 – 4
Removal – Indian Removal Act, 1830, Pres. Jackson
-move the 5 “civilized” nations to Oklahoma so
white settlers could have the good land
-”Trail of Tears”
Reservations – 1850’s (p. 438)
-white settlers wanted western lands
-break up power of Plains Indians & open up
their land for settlement
• Assimilation (p. 442) -becoming similar to the people
around you
-reformers believed they would be better off
if they abandoned their culture and adopted
the culture of white America
-established the Bureau of Indian Affairs
forced kids to go to school
-boys had to cut their hair
-wear American clothing vs skins & blankets
-speak English
-no face paint
-discouraged from practicing their own
culture
“They made us many
promises, more than I can
remember, but they never
kept but one.
They promised to take our
land, and they took it.”
-Red Cloud
Dawes Act 1887 (p. 443)
-Americanize the Native Americans
-broke up reservations & turned
Native Americans into individual
property owners
-Not successful since the best land
was sold off and the poor land
given to the Native Americans
“What treaty that the whites have
kept has the red man broken?
Not one.
What treaty that the white man
ever made with us have they
kept? Not one.”
-Sitting Bull
Resistance
Indian Wars
• Sand Creek Massacre p. 440 – do yourself
• “Long Walk”
-Navajos from AZ, NM, UT and CO were
forced to relocate to Fort Sumner at Bosque
Redondo, NM
-1st reservation west of OK
-After 4+ years, they were allowed to return
to their native lands along the NM-AZ border
-Today, the Navajo Nation is the largest
Native American community in the US
homework
•finish the summaries
about Native
American resistance
• Welcome back! I hope you had a good week off.
• You may continue to complete work from the 1st 9 weeks if you
need to. It will not change your report card grade but it will
increase your % so that when grades are averaged you will be
in better shape.
• Remember that your semester grade is what
goes on your transcript and counts towards
your overall GPA. For this class, your semester
grade will be calculated like this:
– 1st 9 weeks = 40%
– 2nd 9 weeks = 40%
– District essay final exam = 10%
– District multiple choice exam = 10%
Warm up 10/15/12
-this starts a new notebook
grade so begin on a new page
• Read the 2 paragraphs under
the heading “Major Western
Trails” p. 297
• Read about 1 of the 3 trails.
Write down 4 facts.
Take out your pink packet
1st page should be complete.
Back of page 3 should be complete
• We are completing front of page 2 today
• In the margin of page 2, write “Manifest
Destiny”
– Read p. 297 and explain what it means
Mountain Men
• Sense of adventure; rugged individuals
• Lived by hunting and fur trading
• Provided information about the West for
future settlement
• link between whites and Native Americans
Arizona Connection:
Bill Williams – Williams, AZ
Pauline Weaver – Weaver’s Needle in the
Superstitions
Mormons
• Church founded in 1830 in NY by Joseph
Smith
• Persecuted by religious and political groups
• Smith & followers moved to OH and then IL
• Began “trek” to West in 1846 led by Brigham
Young
• Arrived in Salt Lake valley in 1847 – it was
Mexican territory at the time
Arizona Connection:
Mesa established in 1877 as a Mormon
settlement
Miners
• California Gold Rush – 1849
• Other Gold Rushes followed
• Silver and copper also discovered
– the miners moved west
east as lodes ran
out or new ones were discovered
Arizona Connection:
Tombstone, Bisbee, Globe,
Jerome and many other towns
began as mining settlements
Warm up 10/16/12
• Read p. 460 “Tentacles of Steel”
• Using complete sentences, answer these 2
questions:
1. Why did the government begin to regulate
the railroads?
2. Why was the Southern Pacific Railroad
thought of as an octopus?
Railroad
• Write 3 facts from the video in the
margin of the “Railroad” page
Railroads (map. 462)
• America’s first BIG business
• Transcontinental Railroad completed in 1869 at
Promontory Point Summit, Utah
• 1870-1890 - huge growth in western railroads
• Immigrants provided labor force
• Federal government gave companies land for
each mile of track laid
And in Exchange…
• Railroads agreed to transport mail and soldiers
at reduced rates
Effects of railroad construction
• Faster & Easier to get across the country
• encouraged people to move onto the Great
Plains
• Construction provided jobs for immigrants,
especially Chinese and Irish
• Boosted US economy
• Physically united America
• Loss of buffalo severely hurt the Native
Americans (the buffalo was their Super WalMart)
Construction made possible by:
• Favorable terrain (except for those
Rocky mountains!)
• Land grants from the Federal Govt
• Large number of immigrants looking
for work
(especially Chinese & Irish)
Transcontinental Railroad
Central Pacific
California
Chinese Workers
Union Pacific
Irish Workers
One Effect of the Railroad
• Summary activity: In your notebook, under
today’s warm up, write a 6 sentence
paragraph with the following line as your topic
sentence:
• “The railroads changed the
American West in positive and
negative ways.”
• Homework if you do not finish
Ranchers
• Demand for beef skyrocketed after Civil War
• Texas provided grassland good for ranching (Texas Longhorns)
• Problem was getting cattle to market
– Problem solved when railroads reached Kansas
• “Long Drive” – huge herds moved from Texas to Kansas along
cattle trails:
Goodnight – Loving, Chisholm, and other trails
“Myth of the cowboy” – independent, rugged life glamorized and
became the subject of many films and TV shows (Western)
End of the Long Drive caused by:
• Drought and blizzards, 1883-1887
• Barbed Wire invented by Joseph Glidden
• Railroad extended into Texas
From her journal…
“Rose about five. Had early breakfast. Got
my house work done about nine. Baked 6
loaves of bread. Made a kettle of mush
and have now suet pudding and beef
boiling…I have managed to put my clothes
away and set my house in order. may the
merciful be with me through the
unexpected scene. Nine o’clock p.m. was
delivered of another son.”
pass last nights hw forward please
• take out paper, tear in ½ to
share with your neighbor
• we are taking a quick quiz
• take out your pink packet
• begins in 3 minutes
Marilla R. Washburn Bailey
From an interview with her at age 87
“I was married at 15, and was not a good cook and
housekeeper, but I knew how to take care of babies,
from having cared for my brothers and sisters. I had
ten babies of my own and never had any help…I could
paddle my own canoe or handle a rowboat as well as
an Indian…When my husband was away, I could hunt
for the meat on which we lived, for I could handle a
revolver or rifle as well as most men. I have shot
bears, deer, and all sorts of smaller game. In fact, I
became so expert with a revolver that at 50 or 100 feet
I could beat most men.”
Farmers (a.k.a.Homesteaders)
*Homestead Act of 1862
*160 acres of land for free
*If a settler would:
– Live on the land for 5 years and cultivate the land
– Improve the land
– Build a house (12’x14’), with a window and door
Effect of the Homestead Act…
By 1900, 400,000 homesteaders had acquired farms
Exodusters – African American farmers who moved
west in hope of gaining free land
map of plains states
Problems faced by settlers on the plains:
Difficult climate: Hot, dry summers; cold, severe
winters; sudden, severe storms (hail, tornados)
• Few trees
– Houses and fences difficult to build – sod for houses and
wire for fences
– Fuel – burned “buffalo chips” for heating and cooking
• Root-filled soil
• Few streams for transportation/ irrigation
• Getting crops to markets in Eastern cities
Many farmers did not succeed in homesteading
Mary Richardson Walker
• Missionary wife who moved in the 1830s to a
farm near Spokane, Washington
Her work day averaged 16 hours. She was
responsible for washing, ironing, sewing [she
made all the family’s clothes, including shoes],
baking, making, soap and cheese, churning
butter, dipping candles, weaving carpets, and
salting and smoking meats.
New technology helped farmers
• Windmill
• Steel plow (John Deere)
• Barbed wire (Joseph Glidden)
• Reaping machine (Cyrus McCormick)
• Railroads
Of these 5 inventions, which do you
think was most important for the
farmer? Why?
All of these groups of people
adventuring westward helped the
country grow.
• Let’s look at 5 different regions that became
part of the United States thanks to westward
expansion.
• stack your 3 pieces of paper so that there is
about 1 inch of each piece showing
• fold the papers down so that now there are 6
tabs, fold your paper in half lengthwise
• Cut in ½ and share with your neighbor
On the top square, write …
“America grew as a nation during the
time of westward expansion”
write the following on each edge
Northwest Territory
 Oregon Country
 Mexican Cession
 Gadsden Purchase
 Alaska
For each area, you must include the following
information:
Due Thurs.
• map for location
• date acquired by the US
• name of country the land was obtained from
• how the US got the land
• physical characteristics: rivers, mtns, forests,
plains, etc
• human characteristics: religion, how the
people make a living, ethnic groups there, etc.
Just lift up the flap, use your text to complete the
information. Add color to earn extra points.
complete your map with yesterday’s partner
• If you were gone yesterday, work with
someone who was also gone or work alone
• If you finish early, you may complete the
questions in the pink packet under the map
directions
• OR
• complete the yellow foldable or p. 307 if you
owe either of them
Westward quiz
1. Name one way America acquired
new land.
2. Name one country the US got new
land from.
3. What is manifest destiny?
4. Who were Lewis, Clark and Pike?
5. Why is the moving of Native
Americans westward often called a
“Trail of Tears”?
England’s Industrial Revolution Affects
the United States
(put this title on the top square)
• Read p. 251, explain Samuel Slater’s role in
starting the American Industrial Revolution.
How did he get to the US, what did he bring,
what did he do when he arrived?
• Write this information on the front flap of
your note packet under the title
5 tabs on note packet
•
•
•
•
•
Factory system
urbanization
transportation
inventions
summary
Factory system p. 252 - 253
refers to products used to make material
• Textiles –
which is then used to make clothing,
carpet, etc.
• Lowell, Mass –
40 mills with 10,000 looms
center of textile industry
all aspects of textile production occurred in 1 factory
• Lowell girls -
most of the factory workers were young women
came from local farms
good money but long hours
lived in boardinghouses owned by the factories
Urbanization p. 253
• stats -
• north evolved from…
Transportation p. 253 - 255
• Canals – •Erie Canal connected Great Lakes
cheaper and faster than using wagons
to Atlantic Ocean
manufactured goods went West and farm goods w
• Steamboats –
Fulton – steam engine in boats
very popular along the Mississippi & Ohio Rivers
Mark Twain??
• Railroads –
1830 – 23 miles of railroad track in US
1840 – 3000 miles of track
replaced canals as the best method
of transporting people and goods
• telegraph – p. 255
inventions
Samuel Morse, sent messages using electricity,
messages delivered immediately, quickly adopted
by railroads and newspapers
• cotton gin – p. 257
-separated seeds out of the cotton so that cotton was worth growing
-invented by Eli Whitney
-made large-scale production of cotton possible
-increased the need for slave labor
-”King Cotton”
• interchangeable parts – allowed for mass
production on assembly lines
– examples: muskets
clocks
production machines w/guages to insure
that all parts are exactly the same
summary (closure for today’s lesson)
top ½ of paper, write a paragraph about
what you see as transportation needs for
the area you live in. What would you like
to see, what would make your life easier?
bottom ½ of the paper, complete these 3
summary activities
• list 2 inventions
• list 2 transportation improvements
• explain urbanization
•
•
•
•
westward expansion games
choose a group of 2 – 3 people
design a game to review this unit
we will play them to review for the test
if it requires tokens or dice please bring that in
tomorrow
• write the directions
• include questions from the following:
– pink packet
– Lewis & Clark pink wkst
– yellow note packet
– Green note packet
– p. 307 texas independence