The Market Revolution 18001840
A New Economy
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Created by innovations in
transportation and communication
Roads were primitive
Transporting of goods was difficult if
you didn’t live near water or a major
city-Ex. New York, Boston,
Philadelphia
The American System
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The end of the War of 1812 started a
movement of national pride known as
the “Era of Good Feelings”
War also showed the improvement the
US needed to make in the area of
roads and transportation
Senators Henry Clay (Kentucky) and
John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) knew
both industry and transportation
needed help from the national
government
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American system also supported by
President James Monroe
Goal was to become economically
independent of Britain
American system had three parts:
– A new national bank. The charter
for the First B.U.S. expired in 1811
– A protective tariff on imports to help
American industry
– Federal funding of “internal
improvements”
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New B.U.S. starts in 1816 with a 20
year charter
New tariff in 1816
New Technologies
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Steamboats
Canals
Railroad
Telegraph-Samuel B. Morse
Roads-Toll Roads-”Turnpikes”
Cumberland Road (1818-1838)
Erie Canal
“Clinton’s Big Ditch”
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363 miles
Completed in 1825
Links East Coast to the Great Lakes
and trade in the Northwest
Funded entirely by New York State
$7 million
Railroads and The Telegraph
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Railroads opened territories to
settlement and coal mining
Building of the Baltimore and Ohio (B
and O) railroad began in 1828
By 1860, there was 30,000 miles of
railroad
Telegraph developed by Samuel F.B.
Morse during the 1830’s
Morse code
The Rise of the West
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Between 1790 and 1840, 4.5 million people
crossed the Appalachian Mountains
By 1840, the total population of people living
west of the AM was 7 million people
6 new states came into the Union
In 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the US
Adams-Onis Treaty
First Seminole War
Trouble for Andrew Jackson?
Cotton
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After 1824, rise of sectionalism
North-Industrial, West-land, railroads,
mining, South-Cotton and Tobacco
The South’s climate made it good for
cotton growing
Tobacco exhausted the soil
Invention of the Cotton Gin by Eli
Whitney
Cotton and Slavery
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Around 1 million slaves came to the
Deep South (Louisiana, Mississippi,
and Alabama) between 1800 and 1860
Massive slave market develops within
the US after 1808
1793-5 million pounds of cotton
1820-170 million
Immigration
1841-1845
430,000
1846-1850
1,283,000
1851-1855
1,748,000
1856-1860
850,000
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Two main groups were Irish and
Germans
Irish-Potato Famine
Germans-Land, Religious Freedom
Revolutions-1830’s and 1840’s in
Europe
Rise of Nativism
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Those who opposed Irish immigration were
known as nativists
Term nativists comes from native born
Americans
Nativists opposed the Irish because of their
religion
Also blamed them for problems in societycrime, political corruption, drinking alcohol,
taking away jobs from native born Americans
The Second Great Awakening
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Starts at the beginning of the 19th Century
Most popular in the 1820’s and 1830’s
Many reform movements in our country
Reverend Charles Grandison Finney
Month long meetings in upstate New York
and New York City
Warned of hell for those who lead a sinful life
New technologies allowed message to spread
quickly
SGA led to an explosion of new Christian
dominations
Ex. Mormons under Joseph Smith in upstate
New York
Cult of Domesticity
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Work opportunities for married women
were closed to them during the Market
Revolution
COD was a new definition of femininity
Woman’s “place” was in the home
Roles included love, friendship, mutual
obligation, sheltering men from the
competitive marketplace
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“Woman, a Source of Comfort”
“Woman, a Being to Come Home to”
“Woman, Man’s Best Friend”