Computer Fundamentals
IC3 Chapter 1
Computers and Computer Systems
List 5 Ways You Use Computers In
Everyday Life
• Educational institutions use computers to
enhance instruction in all disciplines and to
provide online instructions
• Video game systems transport you to an
imaginary world
• Using ATM’s, you can withdraw money from
your bank account from almost any location in
the world
List 5 Ways You Use Computers In
Everyday Life (cont)
• On television and at the movies, you can see
instant replays in sports or amazing special
effects that take you to outer space
• Mobile computing, text messaging, e-mail,
and online audio/video conferencing allow
you to communicate with people at almost
any location
Question 2
2. Computers have been around for more than
____ years and were developed in the late
____ and early 1950s. They were designed
initially for use by the ____ and the _____.
• 60
• 1940’s
• Military
• Government
Question 3
3. What did Dr. Ted Hoff develop in 1971?
• Microprocessor
Question 4
4. Who built the first Apple computers in 1976?
• Steve Jobs
• Steve Wozniak
Question 5
5. In 1980, Bill Gates worked with ____ to
develop the ____ ____ ____ (DOS) for the
IBM PC which became the PC of choice for
businesses.
• IBM
• Disk Operating System
Question 6
A computer is an ____ that receives data, ____
data, stores data, and ____ a result.
• Electronic Device
• Processes
• Produces
Question 7
A Computer System Includes:
•
•
•
•
Hardware
Software
Data
People
Question 8
The Hardware Includes:
• Wires
• Transistors
• Circuits
Question 9
9. _____ devices such as printers and monitors
are also called hardware.
• Peripheral
Question 10
10. ____ consists of the instructions or programs
for controlling the computer.
• Software
Question 11
11. ____ is text, numbers, sound, images, or
video.
• Data
Question 12
12. List the four steps (in order) for the
information processing cycle:
Inputs Data, Processes Data, Stores Information
and Data, Outputs Information
Question 13
• 13. Listed below are several parts of a
computer. Next to each part, determine
which function it performs. (I, P, S, O).
Keyboard _____
Mouse
_____
CPU
_____
Monitor _____
Printer
_____
Flash Drive_____
Question 14
14. A computer performs only two operations:
• Arithmetic Computations
• Logical Operations (AND, OR, NOT)
Six Types of General
Purpose Computers
1. Desktop and Notebook
2. Server - Used by small to medium sized
companies and can support a few hundred
users. (File Server {Network}, Database
Server, Web Server)
3. Mobile Devices
Six Types of General
Purpose Computers
4. Tablet PC
5. Mainframe Computer - Used by large
companies, a large, expensive computer
capable of supporting hundreds or even
thousands of users
6. Supercomputer - Fastest type, government
agencies and large corporations used for
specialized applications to process enormous
amounts of data
Other Computer Devices
•
•
•
•
•
Embedded Computers
Portable Music and Media Players
Calculators
Computer Game Systems
Electronic Book Readers
17. What is the CPU?
• Brains of the Computer. Contains millions of
switches and pathways that help your
computer make important decisions.
17. What is
Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
• One of Two Parts of the CPU: Performs
arithmetic computations and logical
operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division). These determine
what you appears on your screen.
17. What is the Control Unit?
• One of Two Parts of the CPU: The boss.
Coordinates all of the processors activities.
Question 18
18. The smallest unit of measurement is a
______.
• Bit
Question 19
19. A byte is made up of ______ bits.
• 8
20. Complete the Table
Term
Abbreviation
Number of Bytes
Kilobyte
K or KB
1,024
Megabyte
MB
1,048,576
Gigabyte
GB
1,073,741,824
Terabyte
TB
1,099,511,627,776
Question 21
21. _____ is found on the motherboard. The
easiest way to remember memory is in terms
of short term or long term memory.
• Memory
Question 22
22. Memory on the motherboard is ____. This is
called RAM or ____.
• Short-Term
• Random Access Memory
Question 23
23. When a computer is turned off or loses
power, whatever is stored in the RAM will
____.
• Disappear
Question 24
24. Another type of memory you will find on the
motherboard is called ROM which stands for ____.
This type of chip ___ that are needed for computer
operations. A computer can _____ from a ROM chip,
but it cannot write or store data on the chip.
• Read Only Memory
• Stores Specific Instructions
• Read
Question 25
25. Magnetic Storage Devices
• As disk rotates, it is read by an
electromagnetic read/write head
• Data is stored by numbered tracks
• Data is stored in a File Allocation Table (FAT)
Question 25 (cont)
25. Hard Disk
• Can be internal or external
• Data Access is Faster
• More Storage Space than removable Drives
Question 25 (cont)
25. Magnetic Tape
• Primarily used to back-up files
• Come in a variety of shapes and sizes
• Used to store large amounts of data – Process
is slow. Used as a back-up to a hard drive
Question 25 (cont)
25. 3 ½ Inch disks or Zip Disks
• Coated with a Hard Plastic Case
• Limited storage Capacity
• Replaced now by USB storage devices
Question 25 (cont)
25. Optical Storage Devices
• Use Laser technology to
read and write
• Storage devices referred to as Discs
• CD’s and DVD’s are available in ROM, R, or RW
format
Question 25 (cont)
25. Solid State Storage Media
• Referred to as Removable Media
• Done completely electronically, no mechanical parts
• Used for cameras, PDA’s, music players, Flash Drives
Question 25 (cont)
25. Network Drives
• Hard or Tape Drive stored located on a computer
other than the user’s local system
• Connected to Network and shared by multiple users
• Can be accessed from any computer on the network
Question 26
26. List rules for caring for storage media:
1. Avoid Extreme Temperatures
2. Keep away from magnets
3. When handling DVD’s and CD’s, hold at the
edges
4. Remove from computer when not in use and
store properly