Organizing Data and
Information
Chapter 5
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• The database approach to data management
provides significant advantages over the
traditional file-based approach.
– Define general data management concepts and terms,
highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of the database
approach to data management.
– Name three database models and outline their basic features,
advantages, and disadvantages.
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• A well-designed and well-managed database is an
extremely valuable tool in supporting decision making.
– Identify the common functions performed by all database
management systems and identify three popular end-user
database management systems.
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Principles and Learning Objectives
• The number and types of database applications will
continue to evolve and yield real business benefits
– Identify and briefly discuss current database applications.
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Hierarchy of Data
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Traditional versus the Database
Approach to Data Management
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
The Traditional Approach
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Traditional Approach
• Data redundancy
• Program-data dependence
• Data integrity
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Database Approach
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Advantages of the Database
Approach
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Advantages of the Database
Approach
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Disadvantages of the Database
Approach
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Modeling & Database Models
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Modeling and Database Models
• Content - What data should be collected?
• Access - What data should be given to what users?
• Logical structure - How will the data be organized to
make sense to a particular user?
• Physical organization - Where will the data actually be
located?
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Modeling
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Enterprise data modeling
Planned data redundancy
Data model
Entity-relationship diagrams
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Models
• Hierarchical models
• Network models
• Relational models
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Hierarchical (Tree) Models
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Network Models
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Relational Models
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Relational Models
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Cleanup
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Database Management
Systems (DBMSs)
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Provide a user view
Create and modify the database
Store and retrieve data
Manipulate data
Produce reports
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Creating and Modifying the Database
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Definition Language
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Creating and Modifying the Database
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Dictionary Benefits
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•
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Reduced data redundancy
Faster program development
Easier data & information modification
Increased data reliability
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Storing and Retrieving Data
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Structured Query Language
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Database Output
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Popular Database Management Systems
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Selecting a DBMS
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Database size
Number of concurrent users
Performance
Integration
Features
Vendor
Cost
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Database Management Systems
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Warehouses
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Comparison of OLTP and Data
Warehousing
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Database Developments
• Data warehouses
• Data marts
• Data mining
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Data Mining
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Distributed Databases
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
On-Line Analytical Processing
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Open Database Connectivity
(ODBC)
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Object-Relational Database
Management Systems
• Stores objects
• Hypermedia
• Spatial data technology
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition
Summary
• Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm
possesses
• Entity - a generalized class of objects for which data is
collected, stored, and maintained
• DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface
between a database and application programs
• Traditional on-line transaction processing (OLTP) do not support the types of data analysis needed today
Principles of Information Systems,
Sixth Edition