Using workforce
information to help identify
future needs
PNAIR Conference
November 8, 2012
Tim Norris
Education Research and Data Center
Washington State
Office of Financial Management
Session Agenda
 What’s available?
 Where can I get it?
 How can I use it?
Workforce information
In a Nutshell
Three components
 Industry
 Employment levels, number of companies
 Occupations
 What are people doing
 What skills are needed
 Education
 Bridging together employer needs and skills of workers
Bombarded with Acronyms???
Coding Systems
Industries
• Number of employees and wages by NAICS code
• Grouped by size of employment and type of employment
• Economic development strategies
• Forecast of industry trends (growth over 2-yr, 10-yr period)
Occupations
• Number in occupation
• Wages by occupation
• Organized by O*Net/SOC code
• Analyzed by assessment tools
• Grouped by education & experience
•Linked to training program
• Cross-walked to industry patterns
• Forecast of average annual openings
(growth + net replacement)
Education
• Number of enrollments
• Organized by CIP code
• Workforce and skills
• Degree seekers
NAICS is the abbreviation for
North American Industry Classification System
•This coding system is used by statistical agencies of the
government to collect, analyze and publish sector and industry
data. It replaces the old Standard Industry Code (SIC).
•NAICS codes are used in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
•This code starts with two digits, with each added digit
narrowing the category further for a maximum of six digits.
NAICS 722213
72 = economic sector
722 = economic sub-sector
7222 = broad industry group
722213 = specific NAICS industry
NAICS 722213 Breakout
72 = Accommodation and Food Services
721 = Accommodation
722 = Food Services and Drinking Places
7221 = Full Service Restaurants
7222 = Limited Service Eating Places
722211 = Limited Service Restaurants
(fast food and pizza places)
722213 = Snack & Nonalcoholic Beverage Bars
(coffee bars and ice cream parlors)
The NAICS Sectors
 Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing &
 Professional, Scientific and
 Mining
 Real Estate, Renting and Leasing
 Utilities
 Management Services
 Construction
 Admin., Support, Waste
 Manufacturing
 Educational Services
 Wholesale Trade
 Health and Social Services
 Retail Trade
 Arts, Entertainment & Recreation
 Transportation & Warehousing
 Accommodation and Food
 Information
 Other Private Services
 Finance & Insurance
 Public Administration
Hunting
Technical Services
Occupation coding
 Describes what people do
 Work characteristics of
those who do
 Common personality
traits
 Used by all federal
programs when looking at
occupations
 www.onetcenter.org
Where Did It Come From?
In the beginning there were….
 DOT — Dictionary of Occupational Titles
 SOC — Standard Occupational Code
 O*NET — Occupational Information Network
SOC Groups Used in O*Net

Management
•
Food Preparation & Serving

Business & Financial Operations
•
Building & Grounds Maintenance

Computer & Math Science
•
Personal Care & Service

Architecture & Engineering
•
Sales & Related

Life, Physical & Social Science
•
Office & Admin Support

Community & Social Services
•
Farming, Fishing, Forestry

Legal
•
Construction & Extraction
Education, Training & Library
•
Installation, Maintenance & Repair

Production

Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports &
Media
•
•
Transportation & Material Moving
•
Military Specific

Healthcare Practitioner & Technical

Healthcare Support

Protective Service
O*Net: The Occupational Information Network
 This coding system is used by statistical agencies of the
government to collect, analyze and publish occupational data. It
replaces the old Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT).
 This coding system includes all types of jobs and allows query of
job titles, skills and tasks.
 The O*Net code has eight digits. The Standard Occupational Code
(SOC) comprises the first six digits. Each digit narrows the
category further.
O*Net-SOC Example:
35 = major group, or job family
35-2000 = minor sector
35-2020 = broad group
35-2021 = detailed group
35-2021.00 = complete O*Net code
Note: O*Net includes all eight digits; the Standard Occupational
Code (SOC) includes only the first six digits.
Coding Example
29 = Healthcare Practitioners &Technical Occupations
29-1000.00 = Professional to patient service (e.g. MD, DD, therapists)
29-2000.00 = LPNs, Technologists and Technicians
29-9000.00 = Specialists, Trainers, and All Others
29-2011.00 = Lab Technologists and Technicians
29-2021.00 = Dental Hygienists
29-2031.00 = Medical Equipment Technologists (e.g. Radiologists)
29-2041.00 = Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
29-2051.00 = Dietetic Technicians
29-2052.00 = Pharmacy Technicians
29-2053.00 = Psychiatric Technicians
29-2054.00 = Respiratory Therapy Technicians
29-2034.01 = Radiologic Technologists
29-2034.02 = Radiologic Technicians
Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP)
 Supports the tracking and reporting of fields of study
and program completions activity
 Originally developed by U.S. Dept of Education
 Taxonomy is hierarchical in nature
What we know…
 The NAICS codes is used to classify industries
 The O*NET/SOC codes are used to classify
occupations
 CIP code is used to classify education programs
Information about Occupations
 Employment and wages
 Industry staffing patterns
 Forecasts of employment and job openings
 Education and training classification

Typical education needed for entry

Work experience in related occupation

Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency
Source of Data
Occupational Employment Statistics
(OES)
Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)
 An employer survey which produces employment and
wage-rate estimates by occupation and industry for
states and areas
 All industries surveyed each year, rather than every
third year
 Baseline for industry and occupation estimates
Information from OES
 Employment by
occupation
 Wage ranges by
occupation
 Occupational breakout
by industry
 Collected twice a year
and published
annually
 Available for state and
MSAs (workforce
areas in some states)
 Data “aged” to bring
up to date - ECI
OES Staffing Patterns Estimates
 Data developed with most
current 3 years of data
 Employment by
occupation tallied for each
detailed industry
 Staffing ratios developed
represent each
occupations share of
industry employment
 Industry-Occupation
matrix established
 shows what industries
employ what occupations
 Shows what occupations
are employed in an
industry
Education and Training Classifications
 Developed by Bureau of Labor Statistics
 Helps us answer questions like:

What is the demand for workers with a college degree (or some level of
education)?

What training or experience is needed in different careers, in addition to
formal education?
 Three categories of information for each occupation:

Typical education needed for entry

Work experience in a related occupation

Typical on-the-job training needed to attain competency in occupation
Education and training classifications
Typical entry-level
education
Work experience in a
related occupation
Typical OJT needed to
attain competency
Doctoral or professional
degree
More than 5 years
Internship/residency
Master’s degree
1-5 years
Apprenticeship
Bachelor’s degree
Less than 1 year
Long-term OJT (more
than 1 year)
Associate’s degree
None
Moderate-term OJT (1 to
12 months)
Postsecondary nondegree award
Short-term OJH (less
than 1 month)
Some college, no degree
None
High school diploma or
equivalent
Less than high school
Education and training classifications for SOC codes
Percent change in employment by typical
entry-level education category
Percent change, projected 2010-20
Average, all occupations =
14.3%
SOC to CIP Crosswalk
Employment Forecasts
 Expected change in employment
 By industry and by occupation
 Current and projected employment counts
 Growth rates and average annual openings
 Short (2yr) Medium (5yr) and Long (10yr)
Employment Forecasts
What we know…
 The NAICS and O*NET/SOC are used to classify





industries and occupations
The OES survey is the basis for employment and
wage estimates and baseline employment levels
The OES survey also helps identify staffing patterns
for an industry and the inverse that shows which
industry employ an occupation
BLS also has established an education and training
classification for each occupation.
SOC to CIP relationships can be mapped
Short and long-term employment forecasts
Putting it all together
 Economic Development
 Firm moving to the area or expanding
What is the available workforce?
 Is their capacity for staff training

 Training for specific jobs
 High skill, high wage
 Green jobs
 Demand jobs
 STEM jobs
 Fastest growing
Economic Development
 Get the NAICS code of the company
 From the NAICS, get the typical staffing patterns for
that industry

Identify the primary occupations for that company
 For those occupations, identify the education
requirements


Link to CIP code
Identify enrollments and completers
 Perform analysis
 Supply vs. demand
 Develop a plan
Training for specific occupations
 Identify the group of occupations
 O*NET or state resources
 Occupations within industry cluster
 Sort employment forecasts by occupation
 Link education requirements to occupations
 Link CIP code(s) to occupaiton
Data Sources
Getting the data
 CIP/SOC crosswalk
 US Dept of Education
 http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/resources.aspx?y=55
 Education and training classification
 Bureau of Labor Statistics
 http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_112.htm
 Industry/Occupation crosswalk (national)
 BLS
 http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_109.htm
 Industry/Occupation crosswalk (state and area)
Getting the data
 Occupation Employment and Wages
 Bureau of Labor Statistics
 http://www.bls.gov/oes/
 Link to state labor market information offices
 http://lmiontheweb.org/?page=8
 O*NET Online
 http://www.onetonline.org/
Contact Information
TIM NORRIS
EDUCATION RESEARCH AND DATA
CENTER
TIM.NORRIS@OFM.WA.GOV
360.902.0603