Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/08
1. What are three pieces of
evidence for evolution?
2. Add the following words to
your flash cards:
endosymbiosis, hominid
Voice Level 0
Learning Target: We will investigate how comparative
anatomy is used as evidence for evolution.
Closure task: I can define and give examples of
homologous, analogous and vestigial structures
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1.Radiometric
dating handout
2.Flashback!
3.Evolutionary
biologist notes
Radiometric Dating
What information is shown on the graphs?
What can the graphs tell you?
Compare & contrast the two
graphs using a Venn Diagram.
Radiometric Dating Worksheet
Fossil Reflection
◉ How can you determine how old a fossil
is?
◉ What do fossils tell us about evolution?
◉ Which form of dating fossils is more
valuable?
◉ Create a story that explains the evolution
of the fossils found in the strata model.
Flashback!
What was the result of endosymbiosis?
A. Prokaryotes became larger
B. Prokaryotes were able to move onto land
C. Some prokaryotes evolved into
eukaryotes
D. Some prokaryotes began to do
photosynthesis
Which of the following molecules were
not likely present on early Earth?
A. Oxygen gas
B. Hydrogen gas
C. Methane gas
D. Ammonia
After an ice age, many new species
began to rapidly evolve and diversify.
What pattern of evolution best describes
this?
A. Divergent evolution
B. Convergent evolution
C. Gradualism
D. Punctuated Equilibrium
What is the difference between an autotroph
and heterotroph?
A. Autotrophs make their own food using
photosynthesis while heterotrophs eat other
organisms for food
B. Autotrophs eat other organisms for food while
heterotrophs make their own food using
photosynthesis
C. Autotrophs eat plants while heterotrophs eat
meat
D. Heterotrophs can do photosynthesis while
autotrophs cannot
How does embryology provide evidence
for evolution?
A. Each animal develops in the same way
from early embryo to late embryo.
B. The early embryos have different
characteristics.
C. The embryos of animals look different as
they age.
D. The early embryos of animals are very
similar
Scientists compared a short segment of DNA from 5
different organisms. Which organism most likely
shares the most recent common ancestor with
humans?
Organism
Organism 1
Organism 2
Organism 3
Organism 4
Human
A.
B.
C.
D.
Organism 1
Organism 2
Organism 3
Organism 4
DNA Sequence
TGTTATCGC
GCGTATCCT
CAGGTTACT
CAATGTGGT
CAGTGTACT
Evolutionary Biologist
In your notebook create a subtitle:
Evolutionary Biologist– center and
underline
On the next slide – there is a
description of the job of a
evolutionary biologist.
In ten words or less – explain
what a evolutionary biologist
does.
What do they study?
Evolutionary Biologists
study the evolution of
organisms.
They use data collected
from a variety of different
sciences to contribute to
our knowledge of history
and explain the diversity
of species.
How does that contribute to
evidence for evolution?
They present a complete
picture for how organisms
have evolved over time.
Using homologous and
vestigial structures they
illustrate relationships
between organisms.
What is
anatomy?
What is
comparative
anatomy?
Close Read of Modern Life: Evidence for
Evolutionary Change
As you read:
• Underline important words or phrases
• Circle words or phrases you don’t
understand
• Write notes in the margin.
• After each paragraph, write a
summary/paraphrase of what you read.
• In your summary include an explanation of
how that relates to evidence for evolution.
Exit Slip
1. The shark fin and dolphin flipper are both used for
swimming, but have different bone structures.
Analogous or homologous?
2. The bat wing and cat leg have different functions, but
similar bone structure. Analogous or homologous?
3. How do vestigial structures provide evidence for
evolution?
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will investigate how comparative anatomy is used as
evidence for evolution
I can define and give examples of homologous, analogous
and vestigial structures
Evolutionary Biology
Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/09
1. What is the difference between
analogous and homologous
structures?
2. How do homologous structures
provide evidence for evolution?
Voice Level 0
Learning Target: We will investigate how comparative
anatomy is used as evidence for evolution.
Closure task: I can complete a CER on comparative
anatomy.
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1.Comparative
anatomy reading
2.Flash cards
3.Comparative
anatomy CER
Homework!!
Due: Friday 09/11/15
Close Read of Modern Life: Evidence for
Evolutionary Change
As you read:
• Underline important words or phrases
• Circle words or phrases you don’t
understand
• Write notes in the margin.
• After each paragraph, write a
summary/paraphrase of what you read.
• In your summary include an explanation of
how that relates to evidence for evolution.
Homologus Structures
Similar in structure to
other species'
comparative parts.
Evidence that life on
Earth has a common
ancient ancestor that the
diverse species have
evolved from over time.
Homologus Structures
The more closely the organisms are related, the
more similar the homologous structures between
organisms.
Analogous Structures
Structures in different species that
have the same appearance, structure
or function but have evolved separately
→ No common ancestor
→ Example of Convergent
Evolution!
Vestigial Structures
Are remnants of structures that served
important functions in a common
ancestor
Smaller, useless versions of previously
important structures
Comparative anatomy coloring handout
Color the
homologous bones
for extra credit!
On the back of your coloring sheet, answer the following
questions:
1) Are the structures on the sheet homologous,
analogous, or vestigial? Why do you think so?
2) Name 2 homologous structures that are shared
between all three organisms.
3) What do the homologous structures suggest about
these organisms?
Comparative Anatomy Reflection
1. What does comparative anatomy suggest
about the relationship between two animals?
2. What is the difference between homologous,
vestigial and analogous structures?
3. What is the value in these structures as
evidence for evolution?
4. Create a simile or a metaphor for vestigial,
homologous and analogous structures.
ExitBellSlip
Ringer
◉ What are two things you clearly
understand.
◉ What are two things you do not
understand?
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will investigate how comparative anatomy is
used as evidence for evolution
I can complete a CER on comparative anatomy.
Voice Level 0
Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/10
1. What are vestigial structures?
2. What are two examples of
vestigial structures?
Learning Target: We will review the forms of evidence for
evolution.
Closure task: I can create a foldable that describes the
various pieces of evidence for evolution.
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1.Comparative
anatomy CER
2.Evidence for
evolution
foldable
Comparative Anatomy CER
◉ SIDE TWO!
◉ What are the qualities of a 3 or 4 CER?
◉ Be SURE to answer all of the questions
that are listed in the prompts in your final
product – paragraph.
Flash cards!
Homologous structures
Analogous structures
Vestigial structures
Gradualism
Punctuated Equilibrium
Foldable: Evidence for Evolution
Follow along as I demonstrate
how to set up your foldable.
On the inside of each flap, you must answer
the question: How does this provide
evidence for evolution?
Homology, Analogy or Vestigial?
Homologous =
Analogous =
Vestigial =
1. Similar forelimb structure between
human, whale and bird
2. Fins of a penguin and a fish
3. The appendix in humans
4. Wings in a butterfly, bird and fly
5. Hind limbs in snakes
Time for Review!
Remember…
Class website:
Southernbio.weebly.com
Homework due
tomorrow!
Topics on the test:
1.Miller & Urey experiment
2.History of the Earth
3.Heterotroph vs. Autotroph
4.Gradualism vs. Punctuated Equilibrium
5.Evidence for evolution
6.Homologous, analogous, & vestigial
structures
ExitBellSlip
Ringer
◉ What will you do today to study for
tomorrow’s exam?
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will analyze fossil evidence and describe
methods for determining the age of fossils.
I can describe how the fossil record provides
evidence for natural selection
Evolution Test
Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/11
Voice Level 0
1. What are the four
pieces of
evidence for
evolution?
2. What was the
Miller & Urey
experiment?
Learning Target: We will review the topics on the evolution
test!.
Closure task: I can complete the evolution test.
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1.Review for test
2.Evolution test!
Video!!
Evidence for Evolution:
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIEoO5KdPvg
Kahoot!
You may use your cell phones
ONLY to play the game.
If you do not have a cell phone,
partner up with somebody that
does.
Summary
What is the main
importance of Lucy?
• Walks on two legs!
• This makes Lucy
an evolutionary link
between the apes
and humans!
Earth’s History timeline
BIRTH OF A PLANET
4.6 Billion Years Ago
FIRST ORGANISMS
3.5 Billion Years Ago
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
3.4 Billion Years Ago
BREATHABLE AIR
2.4 Billion Years Ago
THE OZONE LAYER
COMPLEX CELLS
2.1 Billion Years Ago
2 Billion Years Ago
PLANTS COLONIZE THE LAND 460 Million Years Ago
FISH THAT WALK ON LAND
400 Million Years Ago
FIRST MAMMALS
220 Million Years Ago
FIRST PRIMATES EVOLVE
55 Million Years Ago
3.5 Billion Years Ago
FIRST ORGANISMS
The oldest confirmed fossils of singled
celled microorganisms. Life may have
begun in warm alkaline vents on the
seabed, or in open water, or on land.
3.4 Billion Years Ago
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
All life needs energy to survive, and the biggest source
of energy for life on Earth is the Sun. Some of the
early microorganisms evolved a way to use the energy
from sunlight to make sugars out of simpler molecules.
But unlike green plants today, the first
photosynthesizing organisms did not release oxygen
as a water product, so there was no oxygen in the air.
2.4 Billion Years Ago
BREATHABLE AIR
Some bacteria began harnessing sunlight to
make sugar from carbon dioxide and water,
just like plants today. These microbes
pumped out oxygen as waster product,
creating the oxygen-rich atmosphere we
have today.
2.1 Billion Years ago
THE OZONE LAYER
Significant amounts of oxygen had collected
in the atmosphere of the Earth and created
a layer of ozone (O3). This layer of ozone
blocked out the UV rays from the sun.
2 Billion Years Ago
COMPLEX CELLS
The first organisms were simple cells like modern
bacteria, but some of them became much more
internally complex. These “eukaryotes” developed
lots of specialized equipment within their cells.
They also had a new source of energy, objects
called mitochondria that were once free living
bacteria but were absorbed in a process called
endosymbiosis.
Endosymbiosis
Prokaryote
Endosymbiosis
Eukaryote
460 Million Years Ago
PLANTS COLONIZE THE LAND
Some animals ventured onto land
briefly, perhaps to lay eggs in a place
without predators. Plants were the first
to take up permanent residence on
land. The first land plants were
relatives of green algae, but they
rapidly diversified.
220 Million Years Ago
FIRST MAMMALS
At the same time the dinosaurs were spreading
and diversifying, the first mammals evolved. Early
mammals such as Morganucodon were small and
shrew-like, and probably only active at night. This
may have spurred them to evolve warmbloodness: the ability to keep their body
temperature constant.
Review Timeline
◉
◉
◉
◉
Important Events – Cause and Effect
Bacteria gain the ability to do photosynthesis
Creates oxygen and the ozone layer
Allows life on land
◉ Meteor Impact
◉ Extinction of Dinosaurs
◉ Mammals and other complex animals are able
to evolve
◉ Humans!
Creating of the first living
organisms
How did the first life evolve?
◉ Small organic molecules to larger ones
◉ Chemical reactions start to make systems (ex:
photosynthesis)
◉ Formation of DNA, which can self-replicate
◉ Not in video—enclosure of systems of chemical
reactions by a membrane—primitive
membranes can self-assemble
How do we know?
◉ Miller-Urey experiment proved that complex organic
molecules can form from simple, non-organic
molecules.
http://www.sciencechannel.com/tvshows/greatest-discoveries/videos/100greatest-discoveries-origin-of-life/
Modes of evolution
Change over Time
Add these terms to your notes:
◉ Catastrophism – Change only happens when
Earth has been affected by sudden, short-lived,
violent events – possibly worldwide. (not
plausible)
◉ Gradualism – Large changes are made slowly
and continuously.
◉ Punctuated Equilibrium – a period of very little
change (stasis/static) then a few rapid,
significant changes.
Homologous,
Analogous, and Vestigial
structures
Time for the test!
ExitBellSlip
Ringer
◉ How did you feel about the exam?
◉ Which topics did you struggle on?
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will review the topics on the Evolution Exam.
I can complete the Evolution Exam.