Do Now
Read the article about Heart Attacks and various
heart surgery and answer the questions.
Cardiovascular System
Ch.13
The Veinest of the Systems 
Objectives
- Identify the organs of the cardiovascular
system and it’s overall function.
- Label the different parts of the heart.
- Describe the pathway of blood.
The Cardiovascular System
- Pumps 7,000 liters of a blood a DAY!!!
- Functions to carry oxygen and nutrients to
the cells of the body and carry carbon dioxide
and other waste away from the cells of the
body.
Structures
- Heart
- pumps blood to the lungs
and throughout the body
- Arteries, arterioles
- Caries blood AWAY from
the heart to cells
- Capillaries
- Place where nutrient and
gas waste exchanges
- Veins, venules
- Carries blood TO the
heart from cells
Arteries vs. Veins
- Arteries
- THICK!
- Veins
- Thinner
- Contain
1-way
valves.
Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circuits
- Pulmonary
- Carries Oxygen
depleted blood to
the lungs to pick up
O2 and unload CO2.
- Systemic
- Sends oxygen-rich
blood from heart to
all body cells.
The Heart
- Located in the
thoracic cavity,
rests on top of the
diaphragm
- Encased in a
“parietal
pericardium”
Wall of the Heart
1. Outer Epicardium
• Made of epithelial tissue
• Protects the heart by
reducing friction
2. Middle Myocardium
• Mostly cardiac tissue
involved in pumping
blood out of the heart
3. Inner Endocardium
• Made of epithelial tissue
• Lines the inner chambers
of the heart
Heart Chambers
- Atria
- Upper chambers
- Receive blood returning
to the heart
- Ventricles
- Lower chambers
- Receive blood from atria
and force blood into
arteries
- Septum
- Separates left and right
so blood doesn’t mix
Heart Valves
- Atrioventricular
Valves: separate atria
from ventricles and
prevent back-flow of
blood.
- Tricuspid:
- Right side
- Bicuspid/Mitral:
- Left side
Mitral Valve Prolapse
- Heart “murmur”
- Mitral valve contracts and stretches bulging
into the left atrium
- Blood regurgitates back into the atrium
- Normal Heart Beat
- Mitral regurgitation
Heart Valves
- Semilunar Valves:
- Pulmonary:
- Found between the
right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery
- Aortic:
- Found between the
left ventricle and the
aortic arch
Do Now
Write 3 things you know about the eye or
structure of the eye. Quiz is postponed until
tomorrow (Tuesday).
Objectives
- Explain the flow of blood through the heart,
lungs, and body.
- Compare and contrast angina vs. a heart
attack.
The Heart
- Take out your heart diagram so we can finish
labeling!
Pathway of Blood
- Follow along on your worksheet!
- Great Pathway of Blood Video!
Angina Pectoris
- A “thrombus” or “embolus” blocks or
narrows a coronary artery and deprives
myocardial cells of Oxygen, causing pain.
- *many people mistake this for a heart attack.
- A complete blockage by a blood clot is a
myocardial infarction (aka heart attack)
Do Now
- Hand in your anatomy valentine if you haven’t
done so already!
- Clean all purses/bags/books off of the desks
so you don’t get them dirty!
- Take a copy of the “heart practical study
guide” from my desk as well as a lab
dissection packet.
Objectives
- Identify the structures of the sheep heart.
- Trace the path of blood flow through a sheep
heart.
- Explain the importance of the valves.
- Understand what will be on the lab practical.
Sheep Heart Dissection!
- HAPPY VALENTINE’S DAY! Today
we will be dissecting a sheep
heart.
- Be sure to FOLLOW ALONG with
the lab and go through each and
every structure that it tells you to
look at, you will be tested on them
on both the hearts and the heart
models.
- You may use your phones to take
pictures
- Practical will be on Tuesday!
Do Now
- What part of the heart pumps oxygenated
blood to the body and what “tube” does it go
through?
- Name 2 differences between arteries and
veins.
- What is another name for the visceral
pericardium?
Objectives
- To explain the flow of blood through both
pulmonary and systemic circuits.
- To understand the cardiac cycle.
- To explain what causes your “heart beat”.
Blood Flow
• SmartNotebook File
Do Now
- WITHOUT TALKING…… put yourselves in
order of the flow of blood through the body
up at the front of the room.
Do Now
- What do you think causes your heart beat?
- Write the flow of blood ONLY through the
heart.
Objectives
- To explain what occurs in a normal cardiac
cycle.
- To define systole and diastole.
- To measure ones pulse to determine their
heart rate.
- To determine what causes heart sounds.
Cardiac Cycle
- Systole= contraction
- Diastole = relaxing
* During atrial systole, ventricles are in
ventricular diastole
* During ventricular systole, atria are in atrial
diastole
• Both relax briefly after ventricular systole
• Cycle Animation
Steps of the Cycle
1) Pressure is low during ventricular diastole,
opening the A-V valves (tricuspid/bicuspid)
2) Ventricles fill with blood
3) A-V valves close when ventricular pressure
exceeds atrial pressure
1) Papillary muscles pull on chordae tendinae to
prevent valves from bulging back into atria (which
would cause a murmur)
4) During ventricular systole, atrial pressure is low
and they begin to fill up again
Steps of the Cycle
5) Ventricular pressure rises, opening the
semilunar valves, forcing blood into the
pulmonary trunk and aortic arch
6) Pressure drops in ventricles after contraction,
and the semilunar valves close.
Echocardiogram
Heart Sounds
- The heart makes a “Lubb-Dupp” sound
- The “Lubb” is the closing of the A-V valve
during ventricular contraction.
- The “Dupp” is the closing of the semilunar
valve when the ventricles are relaxing.
Pulse of Life Lab
- You will be measuring your pulse and seeing
how your heart rate is affected by different
activities!
- You will turn in the series of questions upon
completing the lab as well as construct a
graph.
Do Now
- Explain the steps of the cardiac cycle.
- How do you think these steps are
coordinated?
Objectives
- To explain the cardiac conduction system
- To identify the components of an EKG
- To identify different heart arrhythmias
Cardiac Muscle Fibers
• Cardiac muscle fibers form a network called a
functional synctium which contracts as a unit.
Cardiac Conduction System
- Coordinates the events of the cardiac cycle
Cardiac Conduction System
1) The Synotrial Node (SA Node)- “Pacemaker”
- Specialized cardiac muscle tissue
- Can reach threshold on its own
- Generates impulses 70-80 times per minute
2)
3)
4)
5)
Atrial synctium- causes atrial contraction
A-V Node
A-V Bundle (Bundle of His)
Purkinje Fibers- causes ventricular
contraction
Cardiac Conduction
• Conduction
Electrocardiogram
• Recording of the electrical changes that occur
in the myocardium (cardiac muscle)
Electrocardiogram
• P-wave:
depolarization of
atria
• QRS: depolarization
of ventricle fibers
(R=Left, S=right)
• T-wave:
repolarization of
ventricles
Researching Arrhythmias
•
•
•
•
•
•
V-fib (Ventricular Fibrillation)
Sinus Bradycardia
Sinus Tachycardia
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Flutter
Asystole
Do Now
• In your own words,
Explain the cardiac
conduction system
and how it works to
control the cardiac
cycle.
Objectives
• To identify EKG’s of different heart
arrhythmias.
• To determine how fast a heart is beating by
looking at an EKG.
• To explain blood pressure readings and
understand how blood pressure can be
effected.
Reading an EKG
• Read the article about reading an EKG!
• How can you figure out the rate?
Blood Pressure (13.5)
• Blood pressure= the force blood exerts against
the inner walls of blood vessels.
• Interesting Fact! The human heart creates
enough pressure to squirt blood 30 feet!!
Measuring Blood Pressure
• Systolic Pressure:
max pressure during
ventricular systole
• Diastolic Pressure:
max pressure during
ventricular diastole
What gives us a “pulse”?
• Ventricular contraction causes a “surge” in
arteries, distending the elastic arterial walls,
pressure drops immediately after contraction
• Only felt in arteries close to the surface such
as your carotid in your neck.
Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
• Heart Action
– Stroke volume (vol of blood discharged with each
contraction) and heart rate
• Blood Volume
– If you lose a lot of blood, your blood pressure will be
lower.
• Peripheral Resistance
– If the vessels are constricted, pressure increased
• Blood Viscosity
– More viscous=more pressure