Anatomy, Joint Orientation and
Arthrokinematics
Shoulder
Glenohumeral Joint
Joint Orientation
Labrum
Transverse Ligament
Coracohumeral Ligament
Superior Glenohumeral Ligament
Middle Glenohumeral Ligament
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament
Posterior Capsule
Restraints To Motion
• Limitation in Flexion,
Extension and
Abduction
– Coracohumeral Ligament
– Superior Glenohumeral
Ligament
– Inferior Glenohumeral
Complex (End of Range)
• Most common capsular
loss of overhead motion
Restraints To Motion
• Limitation in External
rotation at 0°
– Coracohumeral Ligament
– Superior Glenohumeral
Ligament
• Limitation in External
Rotation at 45°
– Middle glenohumeral
ligament
• Limitation in External
Rotation at 90°
– Anterior Band of Inferior
Glenohumeral Ligament
Restraints To Motion
• Limitation in Internal
rotation at 0° and 45 °
– Posterior Capsule
• Limitation in Internal
Rotation at 90°
– Posterior Band of
Inferior Glenohumeral
Ligament
Arthrokinematics
• Convex- Concave Rule
– Fixed Concave Surface, Moving Convex Surface
– Glide occurs in opposite direction
• Concave- Convex Rule
– Fixed Convex Surface, Moving Concave Surface
– Glide occurs in same direction
Arthrokinematics
Arthrokinematics
• Glenohumeral Joint
– Convex on Concave
– Glide in opposite direction to Roll
– Flexion
• Humerus rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly
– Abduction
• Humerus rolls superiorly and glides inferiorly
• Ignore external and internal rotation as the
rules do not apply here
Arthrokinematics
• As humerus rotate the
capsule acts like a
hammock and swings
• During external rotation
the humeral head
begins to glide
anteriorly, capsule
tightness up and pull
humeral head
posteriorly
Arthrokinematics
• If anterior inferior
aspect of the capsule is
lax it doesn’t restrict
humeral head motion
• Therefore no posterior
glide occurs
• Anterior dislocation can
occur
• Tightening of posterior
capsule
Acromioclavicular Joint
Joint Orientation
Coracoclavicular Ligament
Sternoclavicular Joint
Joint Orientation
Ligamentous Anatomy Ligament
Arthrokinematics
Arthrokinematics
Scapulohumeral Rhythm
Scapulohumeral Rhythm 0 – 90
Degrees
Scapulohumeral Rhythm – 0 – 90
Degrees
Scapulohumeral Rhythm 90- 180
Degrees
Scapulohumeral Rhythm – 90 – 180
Degrees
Scapulothoracic Joint
Anatomy
Scapular Movements- Elevation and
Depression
Scapular Movements- Upward and
Downward Rotation
Scapular Movements- Anterior and
Posterior Tilting
Scapular Movements- Protraction and
Retraction
The End