Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 8
Articulation- site where 2 or more bones meet
Fibrous Joints
Skull sutures
No joint cavity
No movement
3 types
1.Sutures- only in the
skull
Cartilaginous
Joints
Synovial Joints
No joint cavity
Joint cavity
Cartilage
movement
2 types
Ex. Limb joints
1.Synchondroses-made
of hyaline cartilage
ex. Diaphysis and
epiphyseal plate in
children
2.Symphyese- hyaline
+ fibrocartilage ex.
intervertebal joint
and pubic symphysis
2.Syndesmoes- slight
movement ex. Distal in
tibia- fibula
3.Gomphoses – ex.
tooth root
Bursa- flatted, fibrous sacs, fluid filled, example bunion
Tendon Sheaths- type of bursa that wraps around tendons
6 types of Synovial joints (Based on function)
1. Plane joint
 flat
 short
 gliding movement
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
 Example vertebrae articular processes intercarpal and
intersal joint
Hinge joint
 Uniaxial hinge
 Example elbow and interphalangeal joint( fingers and toes)
Pivot joints
 Rounded bone fits into a ring of bone(or tendons)
 Uniaxial rotation
 Example “shake head no” rotaion of head radius within ring
of tendon of ulna
Condyliod joint
 One bone fits into depression of another * both surfaces
are oval*
 Example wrist and knuckle
Saddle joint
 Each bone surface has both concave/convex
 Forms saddle
 Example thumb
Ball and Socket joint
 Shpherical had articulates with cup shape of another
 The most free moving joint
 Example hip joint and shoulder bone
Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint
 Ball and socket joint
 Humerus head fits into the glenoid cavity (shallow) of scapula
 4 total ligaments: 1 coracohumeral ligament + 3 glenohumeral
ligaments = rotator cuff
Knee Joint
 Largest and most complex joint in body
 Extension, flexion and some rotation
 Actually 3 joints in one
 3 ligaments
o Extracapsular Fibular and tibial collateral ligaments
o Oblique popliteal ligament
o Arcuate politeal ligament
o Intracapular ligament are called cruciate ligaments- they
form a cross with each other forming an X (Cruci= cross)
The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
Elbow Flexion and extension only
 Radius and ulna articulate with the condyles of the humerus
 Radius is an “onlooker” in the angular elbow movement
Common Joint injuries
 Sprains- torn or stretched ligaments , common areas are lumbar,
ankle, and knee
 Cartilage injury- more common, cartilage fragments can be
removed arthroscopically
 Dislocation- often repeated injury
Common types of arthritis:
Acute form often caused by bacterial infection
Chronic types:
 Osteoarthritis- OA , 85% of all Americans will get this, more
cartilage destroyed than replaced, bony spurs form, treated with
glucosamine sulfate and pain relievers
 Rheumatoid Arthritis- 40-50 year old, X3 women than men, 1%
Americans, RA, autoimmune disorder
 Gouty Arthritis- “gout” Uric acid settles in soft tissues and joint,
more common in males, avoid liver, kidney, and sardines, excess
alcohol