8.4
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Chapter 8.4 Notes
“The War of 1812”
 War at Sea
o British:

100s of ships

scattered around the globe

Eventually blockaded America’s seaports
o U.S.:

less than 20 ships

well-trained sailors

new warships like USS Constitution

Victories over British ships – boosted morale
 Battles along Canadian Border
o Three attacks planned:

Detroit to Niagara Falls to Hudson River Valley to Montreal, Canada

Attacks Fail

- State militias would not fight in Canada

– British and Tecumseh capture Fort Detroit
o 1813 - Battle of Lake Erie – Goal: end British control of Lake Erie

Oliver Hazard Perry commands small fleet

BIG American win
o October 1813 - Battle of the Thames River

General Harrison marches into Canada – WINS against British & Native
Americans

Ended British power in NW

Tecumseh died in battle – weakened alliance between British & Native Am.
o 1813 – The Creek War

Creek Indians in South – defeated by Andrew Jackson
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
Treaty of Fort Jackson – 1814 – Ends war – Natives give up millions of
acres of land
 Great Britain on the Offensive –
o British Attacks in the East

Attack Washington D.C.

President Madison flees

White House & Capitol on fire

British sail to Baltimore, Maryland - Fort McHenry is shelled for 25 hours

US refuses to surrender

Francis Scott Key is inspired by battle and writes “The Star-Spangled
Banner”
 Battle of New Orleans – Jan. 8, 1815
o British want control of Mississippi River
o Andrew Jackson = commander
o American Victory – Makes Andrew Jackson a hero
o Last major conflict in War of 1812
 Effects of the War (consequences)
o U.S. divided – Northeast vs. South and West
o Northern Federalist continue to oppose war (Hartford Convention)
o Treaty of Ghent – Signed in Belgium on Dec. 24, 1814 – ENDED WAR
o Slow communications - Jackson and Federalists didn’t know!
o Both nations returned conquered lands
o Increased patriotism in America
o Broke power of Native American groups
o Boosted American manufacturing – A result of lack of goods due to no to foreign
trade