Name ___________________
Modern World History
Mr. Kraft
World War II (WWII)
Ideology of Fascism
Fascism –
1. Literal Meaning = fasces – a bundle of sticks wrapped around an ax which is an ancient
Roman symbol of authority
2. Founder –
3. Other Fascists Leaders:


4. Position on the Political Spectrum – Ultra-Conservative / Far (Radical) Right
Far Left
Ultra-Liberal
(Revolutionary)
Left
Liberal
(For Change)
Middle
Moderate
Right
Conservative
(No Change)
Far Right
Ultra-Conservative
(Reactionary)
5. Eight Political Components of Fascism:

Dictatorship / Totalitarianism –

Socialist Economy –

Extreme Nationalism –

Spies / Secret Police –

Disciplined Military –

Propaganda –

Censorship –

Oratory Skills –
6. Widespread Acceptance – Fascism provided an answer and hope to the people of Europe
who were struggling through post-WWI problems and the Great Depression.
7. Difference – What is the difference between Fascism and Communism in regards to the
individual?
Benito Mussolini’s Rise to Power:
1. Italian Monarch – Victor Emmanuel III
2. Fascist Party Growth – Fascist party membership grew rapidly after being formed in 1919.
3. 1922 March on Rome – Mussolini and his army (Black Shirts) marched into Rome in an
attempt to seize power from King Victor Emmanuel III.

Mussolini’s Support – Mussolini traveled to every major Italian city in an attempt to recruit
members for the Italian Fascist Party. His last stop was Rome. By that time he had
recruited a huge Italian political party and army.

King’s Fear – Victor Emmanuel III feared an Italian Civil War shortly after the destruction of
Italy caused by WWI.

What did King Victor Emmanuel III do to appease Mussolini and prevent an Italian
Civil War?

In the end, did Mussolini gain power peacefully or through the use of force?
4. National and International Support for Mussolini = much

Why? – Improved the Italian economy and general way of life.

1924 Italian Parliament Elections – Italian Fascist Party won 63% of the seats.

1925 Italian Parliament Dismissal – Mussolini dismissed the Italian Parliament and ran
Italy all by himself as the one leader (Il Duce).

1929 Lateran Treaty – The Vatican City becomes its own separate country.

1937 Life Magazine cover – Mussolini was praised for the way he rebuilt Italy after WWI.
Benito Mussolini: (1883 – 1945)
1. Reign (Time in Power): 1922 – 1945
2. Nickname / Title –
3. Political Ideology –
4. Political Party –
5. Secret Police –
6. Youth Organization –
7. Mistress –
Hitler’s Rise to Power:
1. The Weimar Republic (1919 – 1934):

The Beginning – This was the democratic German government established by the Treaty
of Versailles after WWI.

The End – This would be ended by Hitler when he established the Third Reich.

Weimar Republic Presidents:
a. Friedrich Ebert (1919 – 1925)
b. Paul von Hindenburg (1925 – 1934)
2. Hitler’s Munich Beer Hall Putsch (1923):

Hitler’s Inspiration – Mussolini’s successful 1922 March on Rome

What was it? – Failed attempt to overthrow the German Weimar Republic.

The Plan – Hitler and fellow NAZI’s took control of the Munich Burgerbraukeller beer hall
(bar) and planned to organize a putsch (coup de tat) that would topple the Weimar Republic
in Munich. The plan was to then move to other German cities and do the same thing until
they eventually reached the German capital city of Berlin and demanded control of the
German government.

Who was the leader of this failed attempt and what was done with him?

What book did Hitler write while in prison for his role in the Beer Hall Putsch?
3. Hitler’s Rise to Power in the NAZI Party: (NAZI = National Socialist German Workers Party)

1919 – NAZI Party is formed in 1919 and Hitler joins.

1921 – Hitler becomes leader of the NAZI party.

1923 – Hitler’s Munich Beer Putsch fails and he is imprisoned.

1924 – Hitler is released from prison.

1927 – Mein Kampf is published and released to the German public.

1931 – NAZI Party has the largest membership percentage in Reichstag (German
Congress) with over 1,000,000 members.

1933 – Hitler is appointed Chancellor (Prime Minister) by President Paul von Hindenburg.

1934 – President Paul von Hindenburg’s dies. Hitler combines the office of Presidency and
Chancellor to become the one leader of Germany (Der Fuhrer).
4. Hitler’s Third Reich (1934 – 1945):
a. What is the First Reich?
b. What is the Second Reich?
c. International Support for Hitler – Time Magazine Man of the Year (1938)
Adolf Hitler: (1889 – 1945):
Country –
Reign (Time in Power): 1933 – 1945
Nickname / Title –
Government Name –
Political Ideology –
Mentor –
Political Party –
Secret Police – Schutestaffel (SS) / Gestapo
Youth Organization –
Mistress –
National Symbol –